CARDIO QUIZZES Flashcards
This is the most common valvular involvement in patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease
Mitral stenosis
Aortic regurgitation
Mitral regurgitation
Mitral valve prolapse
Mitral regurgitation
Wide pulse pressure and a bounding water-hammer pulse is seen in this severe valvular heart disease
Mitral stenosis
Aortic stenosis
Mitral regurgitation
Aortic regurgitation
Aortic regurgitation
This type of valvular heart disease is UNCOMMON in children.
Aortic stenosis
Aortic regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
Mitral regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
The Point of maximum impulse of an 18-month old infant is located @:
4th left intercostal space, left anterior clavicular line
5th left intercostal space, left anterior clavicular line
4th left intercostal space, left midclavicular line
5th left intercostal space, left midclavicular line
4th left intercostal space, left midclavicular line
Presence of a thrill in the suprasternal note is often seen in:
Mitral stenosis
Mitral regurgitation
Aortic stenosis
Aortic regurgitation
Aortic stenosis
This is the reason why percussion has limited use in the pediatric population
Small heart
Thin chest wall
Developing cardiac system
Unreliable because they are moving oftentimes
Thin chest wall
When you auscultate and a loud S1 heard, your most likely to consider the ff EXCEPT
Mitral stenosis
Hyperthyroidism
Febrile conditions
Mitral insufficiency
Mitral insufficiency
This heart sound is commonly heard in normal children
S1
S2
S3
S4
S3
This heart sound is produced by the closure of the semilunar valves
S1
S2
S3
S4
S2
This heart sound is produced at the beginning of the ventricular filling phase
S1
S2
S3
S4
S4
It is a high-pitched sound preceding the S3 and very common in mitral stenosis
Opening snap
Ejection click
Carotid bruit
Friction rub
Opening snap
This is a sharp high-pitched sound in early systole due to vibration produced by the ejected blood in dilated large vessel
Opening snap
Ejection click
Carotid bruit
Friction rub
Ejection click
The following aspects of murmurs should be noted during auscultation except:
Duration
Timing
Grade
Radiation
Radiation
A loud murmur accompanied by a thrill is graded as
3
4
5
6
4
The following are characteristics of a systolic ejection murmur EXCEPT
Onset shortly after s2
Crescendo-decrescendo character
Onset at the beginning of the ventricular ejection
Heard best in aortic and pulmonic stenosis
Onset shortly after s2
Diastolic murmurs are classified into the ff except
Ventricular filling murmurs
Atrial systole murmur
Regurgitant murmur of aortic insufficiency
Regurgitant murmur of pulmonic stenosis
Regurgitant murmur of pulmonic stenosis
This is an initial diagnostic examination to study the heart and its related structures
Electrocardiography
Echocardiography
Ambulatory electrocardiogram
Chest roentgenography
Chest roentgenography
The changing hemodynamics in the newborn is reflected in the wave in ECG
P wave
QRS wave
T wave
ST segment
T wave
This is the most useful in diagnostic procedure in determining the cardiac rhythm
Angiography
Exercise testing
Electrocardiogram
Electrocardiography
Electrocardiography
This is the most useful in diagnosis of intracardiac anatomy in children especially in those with Tetralogy of Fallot
Angiography
Echocardiography
Electrocardiogram
Electrocardiography
Echocardiography
This is the absolute contraindication to cardiac catheterization
Ebstein anomaly
Bacterial endocarditis
Acute myocarditis
Dextrocardia
Bacterial endocarditis
Transitional circulation consists of the following series of events, except
Foramen ovale closure
Increased left atrial pressure
decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance
increased pulmonary venous return to the right atrium
increased pulmonary venous return to the right atrium
This is the stimulus for closure of the ductus arteriosus
Oxygen
Prostaglandin
Indomethacin
Ibuprofen
Oxygen
In the fetal circulation there following are the major shunts except
Placenta
Ductus arteriosus
Ductus venosus
Fossa ovalis
Fossa ovalis
The adequacy of the blood flow of this blood vessel is crucial in the treatment of tricuspid atresia .
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Right Subclavian vein
Pulmonary artery
A chest xray finding of an egg shaped cardiac silhouette with a narrow superior mediastinum is characteristic of what cyanotic CHD?
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
Transposition of Great Arteries (TGA)
TAPVR
Tricuspid Atresia
Transposition of Great Arteries (TGA)
A chest x-ray findings of moderate to severe cardiomegaly involving the right atrium and ventricle (Snowman sign) and prominent pulmonary vascular markings show what type of cyanotic CHDs?
TOF
TAPVR
TGA
Double outlet right ventricle
TAPVR
This is the primary defect in TOF:
Anterior deviation of the infundibular septum
Obstruction to right ventricular outflow
Overriding of the aorta
VSD
Anterior deviation of the infundibular septum
The characteristic cardiac silhouette of a “Coeur en sabot” is associated with this type of CHD:
TAPVR
Tricuspid atresia
Transposition of Great Arteries (TOA)
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot
The classic continuous murmur described as being like “machinery” in quality is best heard in patients with:
Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
Tetralogy of Fallot
Patent ductus arteriosus
A 13-year old with known CHD-VSD since 2 months old, started to have easy fatiguability associated with cyanosis. On PE, she has a short, harsh systolic murmur, and a loud P2. She is most likely experiencing this complication.
Ebstein anomaly
Eisenmenger syndrome
Infective endocarditis
Congestive heart failure
Eisenmenger syndrome
The following component of Tetralogy of Fallot determines the degree of cyanosis in a patient:
Size of the VSD
Pulmonary stenosis
Overriding the aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Size of the VSD
Which is a criteria for definite endocarditis?
Positive blood cultures, intracardiac mass on valve by 2D echo
Abscess on 2D echo, arthritis, fever
Fever, a single blood culture, arthritis
Fever, glomerulonephritis, a single positive culture, arthritis
Positive blood cultures, intracardiac mass on valve by 2D echo
One of the following acyanotic congenital heart disease is not associated with increased pulmonary blood flow:
Atrial septal defect
Ventricular Septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
Pulmonary stenosis
Pulmonary stenosis
The following statement is TRUE about Patent Ductus Arteriosus prognosis and treatment.
Spontaneous closure after 1 year old is common
Patients with PDA require transcatheter closure
Infective endocarditis is a common complication after 1 year old
Pulmonary hypertension is an absolute contraindication to surgery
Patients with PDA require transcatheter closure
????
The following right-to-left shunt Iesions increase pulmonary blood flow EXCEPT
Truncus arteriosus
Tetralogy of fallot
Transposition Of Great Arteries
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
Tetralogy of fallot
This is the most common finding in Atrial Septal Defect (ASD).
Single and loud S2
Widely split, fixed S2
Systolic ejection murmur, 2nd LUSB
Systolic regurgitant murmur, 2nd LUSB
Widely split, fixed S2
This is the primary mechanism behind the by hypoxic/tet spells in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot.
Increased pulmonary blood flow
Increased left to right shunting
Increased systemic venous return
Increased systemic vascular resistance
Increased systemic venous return
This is true of Coarclation of Aorta.
ratio of occurrence is 1:3 (M:F)
Associated with tricuspid aortic valves
Disease course highly depends on the degree of obstruction
Discase course highly depends on the pressure build up on distal aorta
Disease course highly depends on the degree of obstruction
An 11-year old female had 6 days intermittent fever with swollen, painful knee and ankle joints. On PE. patient was tachycardic, a grade 3/6 murmur was noted on the apex and rashes on the trunk were visible.
ASO titer result showed 800TU: One of the following best describes the Jone’s criteria for Rheumatic fever.
Fever, rashes, swollen joints
Murmur, swollen and painful joints, ASO 800 TU
Fever, tachycardia, painful joints, ASO 800 TU.
Fever, rashes, painful and swollen joints, ASO 800 TU
Murmur, swollen and painful joints, ASO 800 TU
Depending on the severity and frequency of the hypoxic spells, the following procedures are true, EXCEPT
knee-chest position
Oxygen administration
Morphine injection
Propranolol administration
Rapid correction of Sodium bicarbonate irrespective of the severity
Rapid correction of Sodium bicarbonate irrespective of the severity
The chest x-ray may help to differentiate the types of congenital heart defects. Increased pulmonary markings (increased pulmonary blood flow) is seen in :
Pulmonary atresia
Truncus arteriosus
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tricuspid atresia
Truncus arteriosus
A 15-year old male was brought to the ER because of dyspnea for 4 days now. He had cough and fever for 5 days. On PE, he was pale, tachycardic, rales were noted on both lung fields, gallop rhythm was heard and liver was 5cms below the subcostal margin. Which of the following treatment modalities is appropriate?
A. Diuretics, digitalis
B. Oxygen, digitalis
C..Oxygen, diuretics, nebulization
D. Oxygen, antibiotics, diuretics, inotropes
D. Oxygen, antibiotics, diuretics, inotropes
Indications for surgical closure of a VSD include the following EXCEPT
patients in whom clinical symptoms and failure to thrive cannot be controlled medically
infants between 6 and 12mos of age with large defects associated with pulmonary hypertension
patients older than 24 mo with a Qp: Qs ratio greater than 2: 1.
severe pulmonary vascular disease nonresponsive to pulmonary vasodilators
severe pulmonary vascular disease nonresponsive to pulmonary vasodilators–>contraindication
Which of the following CHD is associated with CATCH 22?
TOF
TGA
TAPVR
Truncus arteriosus
TOF
Ventricular function is best assessed by this procedure in patients with heart failure.
Electrocardiogram
Echocardiography
Cardiac catheterization
Cardiac computed tomography
Echocardiography
Any of the following can serve as evidence of preceding infection in patients with rheumatic fever EXCEPT:
Positive throat culture
Elevated antitrypsin-O
Rapid antigen test for Group B strep
Recent infection with sandpaper rash,fever, sore throat
Rapid antigen test for Group B strep
The following are possible locations of VSD except:
Inlet
Outlet
Visceral
Perimembranous
Visceral
Blalock-Taussig shunt is the procedure of choice for this CHD.
Tetralogy of Fallot
Patent Ductus ArteriosUS
Transposition of Great artery
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous return
Tetralogy of Fallot
The most common complaint of this cardiac disease is palpitation from supraventricular arrhythmias
Mitral stenosis
Aortic regurgitation
Mitral valve prolapse
Mitral regurgitation
Mitral valve prolapse
