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FINALS-PEDIA > CARDIO QUIZZES > Flashcards

CARDIO QUIZZES Flashcards

1
Q

This is the most common valvular involvement in patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease

Mitral stenosis
Aortic regurgitation
Mitral regurgitation
Mitral valve prolapse

A

Mitral regurgitation

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2
Q

Wide pulse pressure and a bounding water-hammer pulse is seen in this severe valvular heart disease

Mitral stenosis
Aortic stenosis
Mitral regurgitation
Aortic regurgitation

A

Aortic regurgitation

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3
Q

This type of valvular heart disease is UNCOMMON in children.

Aortic stenosis
Aortic regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
Mitral regurgitation

A

Mitral stenosis

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4
Q

The Point of maximum impulse of an 18-month old infant is located @:

4th left intercostal space, left anterior clavicular line
5th left intercostal space, left anterior clavicular line
4th left intercostal space, left midclavicular line
5th left intercostal space, left midclavicular line

A

4th left intercostal space, left midclavicular line

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5
Q

Presence of a thrill in the suprasternal note is often seen in:

Mitral stenosis
Mitral regurgitation
Aortic stenosis
Aortic regurgitation

A

Aortic stenosis

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6
Q

This is the reason why percussion has limited use in the pediatric population

Small heart
Thin chest wall
Developing cardiac system
Unreliable because they are moving oftentimes

A

Thin chest wall

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7
Q

When you auscultate and a loud S1 heard, your most likely to consider the ff EXCEPT

Mitral stenosis
Hyperthyroidism
Febrile conditions
Mitral insufficiency

A

Mitral insufficiency

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8
Q

This heart sound is commonly heard in normal children
S1
S2
S3
S4

A

S3

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9
Q

This heart sound is produced by the closure of the semilunar valves

S1
S2
S3
S4

A

S2

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10
Q

This heart sound is produced at the beginning of the ventricular filling phase

S1
S2
S3
S4

A

S4

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11
Q

It is a high-pitched sound preceding the S3 and very common in mitral stenosis

Opening snap
Ejection click
Carotid bruit
Friction rub

A

Opening snap

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12
Q

This is a sharp high-pitched sound in early systole due to vibration produced by the ejected blood in dilated large vessel

Opening snap
Ejection click
Carotid bruit
Friction rub

A

Ejection click

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13
Q

The following aspects of murmurs should be noted during auscultation except:

Duration
Timing
Grade
Radiation

A

Radiation

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14
Q

A loud murmur accompanied by a thrill is graded as

3
4
5
6

A

4

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15
Q

The following are characteristics of a systolic ejection murmur EXCEPT

Onset shortly after s2
Crescendo-decrescendo character
Onset at the beginning of the ventricular ejection
Heard best in aortic and pulmonic stenosis

A

Onset shortly after s2

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16
Q

Diastolic murmurs are classified into the ff except

Ventricular filling murmurs
Atrial systole murmur
Regurgitant murmur of aortic insufficiency
Regurgitant murmur of pulmonic stenosis

A

Regurgitant murmur of pulmonic stenosis

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17
Q

This is an initial diagnostic examination to study the heart and its related structures
Electrocardiography
Echocardiography
Ambulatory electrocardiogram
Chest roentgenography

A

Chest roentgenography

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18
Q

The changing hemodynamics in the newborn is reflected in the wave in ECG

P wave
QRS wave
T wave
ST segment

A

T wave

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19
Q

This is the most useful in diagnostic procedure in determining the cardiac rhythm

Angiography
Exercise testing
Electrocardiogram
Electrocardiography

A

Electrocardiography

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20
Q

This is the most useful in diagnosis of intracardiac anatomy in children especially in those with Tetralogy of Fallot

Angiography
Echocardiography
Electrocardiogram
Electrocardiography

A

Echocardiography

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21
Q

This is the absolute contraindication to cardiac catheterization

Ebstein anomaly
Bacterial endocarditis
Acute myocarditis
Dextrocardia

A

Bacterial endocarditis

22
Q

Transitional circulation consists of the following series of events, except

Foramen ovale closure
Increased left atrial pressure
decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance
increased pulmonary venous return to the right atrium

A

increased pulmonary venous return to the right atrium

23
Q

This is the stimulus for closure of the ductus arteriosus

Oxygen
Prostaglandin
Indomethacin
Ibuprofen

A

Oxygen

24
Q

In the fetal circulation there following are the major shunts except

Placenta
Ductus arteriosus
Ductus venosus
Fossa ovalis

A

Fossa ovalis

25
Q

The adequacy of the blood flow of this blood vessel is crucial in the treatment of tricuspid atresia .

Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Right Subclavian vein

A

Pulmonary artery

26
Q

A chest xray finding of an egg shaped cardiac silhouette with a narrow superior mediastinum is characteristic of what cyanotic CHD?

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
Transposition of Great Arteries (TGA)
TAPVR
Tricuspid Atresia

A

Transposition of Great Arteries (TGA)

27
Q

A chest x-ray findings of moderate to severe cardiomegaly involving the right atrium and ventricle (Snowman sign) and prominent pulmonary vascular markings show what type of cyanotic CHDs?

TOF
TAPVR
TGA
Double outlet right ventricle

A

TAPVR

28
Q

This is the primary defect in TOF:

Anterior deviation of the infundibular septum
Obstruction to right ventricular outflow
Overriding of the aorta
VSD

A

Anterior deviation of the infundibular septum

29
Q

The characteristic cardiac silhouette of a “Coeur en sabot” is associated with this type of CHD:

TAPVR
Tricuspid atresia
Transposition of Great Arteries (TOA)
Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

30
Q

The classic continuous murmur described as being like “machinery” in quality is best heard in patients with:

Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

31
Q

A 13-year old with known CHD-VSD since 2 months old, started to have easy fatiguability associated with cyanosis. On PE, she has a short, harsh systolic murmur, and a loud P2. She is most likely experiencing this complication.

Ebstein anomaly
Eisenmenger syndrome
Infective endocarditis
Congestive heart failure

A

Eisenmenger syndrome

32
Q

The following component of Tetralogy of Fallot determines the degree of cyanosis in a patient:

Size of the VSD
Pulmonary stenosis
Overriding the aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy

A

Size of the VSD

33
Q

Which is a criteria for definite endocarditis?

Positive blood cultures, intracardiac mass on valve by 2D echo
Abscess on 2D echo, arthritis, fever
Fever, a single blood culture, arthritis
Fever, glomerulonephritis, a single positive culture, arthritis

A

Positive blood cultures, intracardiac mass on valve by 2D echo

34
Q

One of the following acyanotic congenital heart disease is not associated with increased pulmonary blood flow:

Atrial septal defect
Ventricular Septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
Pulmonary stenosis

A

Pulmonary stenosis

35
Q

The following statement is TRUE about Patent Ductus Arteriosus prognosis and treatment.

Spontaneous closure after 1 year old is common
Patients with PDA require transcatheter closure
Infective endocarditis is a common complication after 1 year old
Pulmonary hypertension is an absolute contraindication to surgery

A

Patients with PDA require transcatheter closure
????

36
Q

The following right-to-left shunt Iesions increase pulmonary blood flow EXCEPT

Truncus arteriosus
Tetralogy of fallot
Transposition Of Great Arteries
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

A

Tetralogy of fallot

37
Q

This is the most common finding in Atrial Septal Defect (ASD).

Single and loud S2
Widely split, fixed S2
Systolic ejection murmur, 2nd LUSB
Systolic regurgitant murmur, 2nd LUSB

A

Widely split, fixed S2

38
Q

This is the primary mechanism behind the by hypoxic/tet spells in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot.

Increased pulmonary blood flow
Increased left to right shunting
Increased systemic venous return
Increased systemic vascular resistance

A

Increased systemic venous return

39
Q

This is true of Coarclation of Aorta.

ratio of occurrence is 1:3 (M:F)
Associated with tricuspid aortic valves
Disease course highly depends on the degree of obstruction
Discase course highly depends on the pressure build up on distal aorta

A

Disease course highly depends on the degree of obstruction

40
Q

An 11-year old female had 6 days intermittent fever with swollen, painful knee and ankle joints. On PE. patient was tachycardic, a grade 3/6 murmur was noted on the apex and rashes on the trunk were visible.
ASO titer result showed 800TU: One of the following best describes the Jone’s criteria for Rheumatic fever.

Fever, rashes, swollen joints
Murmur, swollen and painful joints, ASO 800 TU
Fever, tachycardia, painful joints, ASO 800 TU.
Fever, rashes, painful and swollen joints, ASO 800 TU

A

Murmur, swollen and painful joints, ASO 800 TU

41
Q

Depending on the severity and frequency of the hypoxic spells, the following procedures are true, EXCEPT

knee-chest position
Oxygen administration
Morphine injection
Propranolol administration
Rapid correction of Sodium bicarbonate irrespective of the severity

A

Rapid correction of Sodium bicarbonate irrespective of the severity

42
Q

The chest x-ray may help to differentiate the types of congenital heart defects. Increased pulmonary markings (increased pulmonary blood flow) is seen in :

Pulmonary atresia
Truncus arteriosus
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tricuspid atresia

A

Truncus arteriosus

43
Q

A 15-year old male was brought to the ER because of dyspnea for 4 days now. He had cough and fever for 5 days. On PE, he was pale, tachycardic, rales were noted on both lung fields, gallop rhythm was heard and liver was 5cms below the subcostal margin. Which of the following treatment modalities is appropriate?

A. Diuretics, digitalis
B. Oxygen, digitalis
C..Oxygen, diuretics, nebulization
D. Oxygen, antibiotics, diuretics, inotropes

A

D. Oxygen, antibiotics, diuretics, inotropes

44
Q

Indications for surgical closure of a VSD include the following EXCEPT

patients in whom clinical symptoms and failure to thrive cannot be controlled medically
infants between 6 and 12mos of age with large defects associated with pulmonary hypertension
patients older than 24 mo with a Qp: Qs ratio greater than 2: 1.
severe pulmonary vascular disease nonresponsive to pulmonary vasodilators

A

severe pulmonary vascular disease nonresponsive to pulmonary vasodilators–>contraindication

45
Q

Which of the following CHD is associated with CATCH 22?

TOF
TGA
TAPVR
Truncus arteriosus

A

TOF

46
Q

Ventricular function is best assessed by this procedure in patients with heart failure.

Electrocardiogram
Echocardiography
Cardiac catheterization
Cardiac computed tomography

A

Echocardiography

47
Q

Any of the following can serve as evidence of preceding infection in patients with rheumatic fever EXCEPT:

Positive throat culture
Elevated antitrypsin-O
Rapid antigen test for Group B strep
Recent infection with sandpaper rash,fever, sore throat

A

Rapid antigen test for Group B strep

48
Q

The following are possible locations of VSD except:

Inlet
Outlet
Visceral
Perimembranous

A

Visceral

49
Q

Blalock-Taussig shunt is the procedure of choice for this CHD.

Tetralogy of Fallot
Patent Ductus ArteriosUS
Transposition of Great artery
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous return

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

50
Q

The most common complaint of this cardiac disease is palpitation from supraventricular arrhythmias

Mitral stenosis
Aortic regurgitation
Mitral valve prolapse
Mitral regurgitation

A

Mitral valve prolapse

FINALS-PEDIA (16 decks)

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