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Renal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Where do SGLT2s work?

A

proximal tubule

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2
Q

Where do loops work?

A

ascending limb of the Loop of Henle

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3
Q

Where do thiazides work?

A

distal convoluted tubule

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4
Q

Where do potassium-sparing diuretics work?

A

distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

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5
Q

Drugs that cause kidney disease

A

AGs
Amphotericin B
Cisplatin
Cyclosporine
Loops
NSAIDs
Polymixins
Contrast dye
Tacrolimus
Vanco

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6
Q

Stage 1 CKD

A

GFR ≥90 with kidney damage

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7
Q

Stage 2 CKD

A

GFR 60-89 with kidney damage

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8
Q

Stage 3a CKD

A

GFR 45-59

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9
Q

Stage 3b CKD

A

GFR 30-44

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10
Q

Stage 4 CKD

A

GFR 15-29

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11
Q

Stage 5 CKD

A

<15 or dialysis dependent

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12
Q

Albuminuria category A1

A

ACR <30

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13
Q

Albuminuria category A2

A

ACR 30-300

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14
Q

Albuminuria category A3

A

ACR >300

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15
Q

First-line treatment for CKD and HTN

A

ACEis/ARBs

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16
Q

Treatment for CKD and diabetes

A

SGLT2i

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17
Q

Drugs that need a decreased dose or increased dosing interval in CKD: anti-infectives

A

AGs
Beta-lactam ABX (except nafcillin, oxacillin, CTX)
Fluconazole
Quinolones (except moxifloxacin)
Vanco

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18
Q

Drugs that need a decreased dose or increased dosing interval in CKD: cardiovascular drugs

A

Enoxaparin
DOACs (Xarelto, Eliquis, Pradaxa)

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19
Q

Drugs that need a decreased dose or increased dosing interval in CKD: GI drugs

A

Famotidine, ranitidine
Metoclopramide

20
Q

Drugs that need a decreased dose or increased dosing interval in CKD: other

A

lithium, bisphosphonates

21
Q

Drugs that are CI’ed in CKD: <60ml/min

22
Q

Drugs that are CI’ed in CKD: <50ml/min

A

TDF-containing products (Complera, Delstrigo, Stribild, Symfi), IV voriconazole

23
Q

Exception about Stribild

A

If currently being treated with it, it is CI’ed in CrCl <50. If starting treatment, can’t be <70ml/min

24
Q

Drugs that are CI’ed in CKD: <30ml/min

A

TAF-containing products (Descovy, Biktarvy, Genvoya, Odefsey, Symtuza), NSAIDs, Pradaxa, Xarelto

25
Q

Drugs that are CI’ed in CKD: eGFR <30

26
Q

Exception about metformin

A

If already on metformin, eGFR can’t fall less than 30
If about to start metformin, eGFR has to be >45

27
Q

CI’ed in CKD

A

meperidine, SGLT2is

28
Q

Phosphate binders: aluminum based

A

aluminum hydroxide

29
Q

Aluminum hydroxide side effect

A

“Dialysis dementia”

30
Q

Phosphate binders: calcium-based

A

Calcium acetate
Calcium carbonate

31
Q

Calcium-based phosphate binders side effects

A

Constipation, hypercalcemia

32
Q

Phosphate binders: aluminum free and calcium free

A

Sucroferric oxyhydroxide, ferric citrate, lanthanum carbonate

33
Q

Sevelamer side effects

A

N/V/D, can lower total cholesterol and LDL by 15-30%

34
Q

All phosphate binders must be taken with what?

35
Q

Vitamin D analogs for hyperparathyroidism

A

calcitriol, calcifediol, doxercalciferol, paricalcitol

36
Q

Calcimimetics for hyperparathyroidism

A

cinacalcet, etelcalcetide

37
Q

Anemia of CKD treatment options

A

Procrit/Epogen/Retacrit, Aranesp

needs sufficient iron stores for it to be effective

38
Q

Drugs that raise potassium levels

A

ACEis
Aldosterone receptor antagonists
Aliskiren
ARBs
Canagliflozin
Drosperinone-containing COCs
Potassium-containing IV fluids, potassium supplements
high doses of Bactrim
Transplant drugs (tacrolimus, cyclosporine, everolimus)

39
Q

Hyperkalemia treatment: stabilizes the heart

A

calcium glutinate, calcium chloride

40
Q

Hyperkalemia treatment: moves potassium intracellularly

A

regular insulin with dextrose, sodium bicarb, albuterol

41
Q

Hyperkalemia treatment: what removes potassium from the body

A

furosemide
SPS
patiromer
sodium zirconium cyclosilicate
hemodialysis

42
Q

Warnings for SPS

A

can bind other PO meds, GI necrosis

43
Q

Patiromer warnings

A

hypomagnesemia, binds to PO drugs

44
Q

Patiromer side effects

A

Constipation, nausea, diarrhea

45
Q

Caveat about patriomer

A

Slow onset of action

46
Q

Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate warning

A

Can bind other drugs

47
Q

Best thing about Lokelma

A

Has the fastest onset of action

NAPLEX (18 decks)

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