HIV Flashcards
INSTIs end with what suffix?
“tegravir”
Dolutegravir
Tivicay
Raltegravir
Insentress
INSTIs class side effect
Headache, weight gain, nervous system/psychiatric effects (insomnia, depression), diarrhea
INSTIs work where in the HIV life cycle?
Integration
Abacavir
Ziagen
Lamivudine
Epivir
Tenofovir alafenamide
Vemlidy
Tenofovir DF
Viread
Zidovudine
Retrovir
(Retro means backwards, if you start from the end of the alphabet and go backwards, the first letter is Z)
NRTIs class effect
Lactic acidosis
Where do NRTIs work in the HIV life cycle?
Reverse transcription
NRRTIs have what in their name?
A “vir” somewhere in the middle of the generic name
Efavirenz
Sustiva
Etravirine
Intelence
Nevirapine
Viramune
(VIRAmune, neVIRApine)
Rilpivirine
Edurant
NNRTIs class effect
Rash (SJS/TEN)
Where do NNRTIs work in the HIV life cycle?
Reverse transcription
PIs end with what suffix?
“-navir”
PIs class effect
Metabolic abnormalities (HLD, hyperglycemia, lipohypertrophy), hepatic dysfunction, hypersensitivity reactions, diarrhea, nausea
Atazanavir
Reyataz
Darunavir
Prezista
Fosamprenavir
Lexiva
Lopinavir/ritonavir
Kaletra
Saquinavir
Invirase
(INVIRase, saquINaVIR)
Tipranavir
Aptivus
(TIP, aPTIvus)
Cobicistat
Tybost
Ritonavir
Norvir
Fostemsavir
Rukobia
Enfurvirtide
Fuzeon
Maraviroc
Selzentry
Ibalixumab-uiyk
Trogaro
Where do protease inhibitors work?
Budding and maturation
Biktarvy
bictegravir/emtricitabine/TAF
Triumeq
dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine
Dovato
dolutegravir/lamivudine
Juluca
dolutegravir/rilpivirine
Genvoya
elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/TAF
Stribild
elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/TDF
Epzicom
abacavir/lamivudine
Trizivir
abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine
Truvada
emtricitabine/TDF
Combivir
lamivudine/zidovudine
Cimduo
lamivudine/TDF
Atripla
efavirenz/emtricitabine/TDF
Odefsey
rilpivirine/emtricitabine/TAF
Complera
rilpivirine/emtricitabine/TDF
Evotaz
atazanavir/cobicistat
Symtuza
darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/TAF
Prezcobix
darunavir/cobicistat
Preferred regimens for treatment-naive patients
2 NRTIs, 1 INSTI
Single-tablet regimens
Biktarvy, Triumeq, Dovato
Two pills once daily regimens
Tivicay and Truvada
Tivicay and Descovy
What do you need to test before before starting a patient on a regimen that contains abacavir?
HLA-B*5701 allele- if positive, you can’t use it!
What medications can you not use if CrCl <30?
Biktarvy, Descovy, Dovato, Truvada, Triumeq
NRTIs all have a warning for what?
Lactic acidosis and hepatomegaly with steatosis
NRTIs class side effects
nausea, diarrhea, HAs, increased LFTs
NRTIs with HBV and HIV confection BBWs
emtricitabine, lamivudine, tenofovir
Emtricitabine unique side effect
Hyperpigmentation of the palms of the hands or soles of the feet
Side effects with tenofovir-containing formulations
renal impairment, decreased bone density
TDF vs. TAF
TDF has more side effects than TAF, but if switching from TDF to TAF, monitor lipids because TAF can cause lipid abnormalities more than TDF
Zidovudine unique side effects
Hematologic toxicity, neutropenia, anemia, myopathy
Didansoine and staduvine unique side effects
Pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy
Unique feature about bictegravir and dolutegravir
They all increase SCr without actually affecting the GFR
Unique features about raltegravir and dolutegravir
Increased CPK, myopathy, rhabomyolysis, hypersensitivity reactions
Unique features about dolutegravir alone
Preferred drug in pregnancy
Heptotoxicity possible
IM cabotegravir side effect
Injection site reaction
INSTI drug interactions with polyvalent cations
Separate from polyvalent cations
Take 2 hours before or 6 hours after aluminum, calcium, magnesium, and iron-containing products
INSTI exceptions to the polyvalent cations
Dolutegravir and bictegrabir can be taken with PO Ca or Fe if taken with food
Raltegravir: avoid all polyvalent cations if possible
Efavirenz side effects
Psychiatric symptoms
CNS effects (but resolve in 2-4 weeks)
increases total cholesterol and TGs
NNRTI drug interactions: all of them are substates of what?
All of them are CYP3A4 substrates
Rilpivirine and doravirine: don’t use with what?
Strong 3A4 inducers (PS PORCS)
Efavirenz and etravirine are moderate CYP3A4 ____?
inducers
Rilpivirine needs what for absorption?
Acidic gut
Rilpivirine and PPIs
Don’t even try to use them together
Rilpivirine and H2RAs
Separate them! Take H2RAs 12 hours before or 4 hours after rilpivirine
Rilpivirine and antacids
Take antacids 2 hours before or 4 hours after
All PIs are recommended to take with a ____ and ____?
Recommended to take with a booster and food
PIs you shouldn’t take with food (or is optional)
Fosamprenavir PO solution
Lopinavir/ritonavir can take with or without food
Atazanavir side effects
Hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice); reversible and doesn’t mean you have to D/C treatment
Atazanavir requires what for absorption?
Acidic gut
Atazanavir and antacids
take antacids 2 hours before or 1 hour after
H2RAs and atazanavir
avoid, or take atazanavir 2 hours before or 10 hours after
PPIs and atazanavir
avoid with unboosted atazanavir; take boosted atazanavir 12 hours after the PPI
MDD of a PPI with atazanavir
20mg of omeprazole or equivalent
PIs that are CI’ed with a sulfa allergy
Darunavir, fosamprenavir, tipranavir
Kaletra and metronidazole
Disulfiram reaction
Tipranavir side effect
ICH
Drugs you shouldn’t use with PIs
Alfuzosin
Colchicine
Dronedarone
Lovastatin and simvastatin (but you CAN use rosuvastatin or atorvastatin)
CYP3A4 inducers (PS PORCS)
DOACs and antiplatelets (warfarin preferred)
DAAs for HCV
Some hormonal contraceptives
Steroids
Safety issue with maraviroc
hepatotoxicity (BBW)
SJS/TEN
CV events
Orthostatic hypotension
Baseline testing for maraviroc
Must have tropism assay
Fostemsavir safety issues (3 things)
Don’t use with strong CYP3A4 inducers
must maintain effective HBV treatment in patients connected with HBV
Can increase SCr
Rilpivirine counseling point
TAKE WITH FOOD AND WATER!
Efavirenz counseling point
TAKE AT HS ON AN EMPTY STOMACH
Take cobicistat with ___?
Food
PrEP treatment options
Truvada or Descovy
Don’t dispense more than a 90-day supply at a time
Can also take IM cabotegravir injection- monthly for first 2 doses, then every 2 months after
PEP treatment options
Truvada with Tivicay or Insentress
Start after HIV exposure, within 72 hours and take for 28 days
HIV treatment in pregnancy
Most patients who were already taking a regimen can continue on it
If need to start: dolutegravir or boosted darunavir, PLUS dual NRTI backbone (emtricitabine/tenofovir)