Renal cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Angiomyolipoma of the kidney is a tumor composed of an admixture of ?

A

smooth muscle, blood vessels and fatty tissue

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2
Q

Angiomyolipoma of the kidney frequently seen associated with

A

tuberous sclerosis, cardiac rhabdomyoma, skin hypopigmentation

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3
Q

The common benign renal neoplasms are ?

A

hemangioma, angiomyolipoma

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4
Q

(1) is the biggest risk factor for renal cancer

A
  1. Tobacco smoking
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5
Q

Risk factors for renal cancer besides tobacco smoking

A

exposure to heavy metals, a history of long-term dialysis(acquired cystic disease).

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6
Q

(1) accounts for 80% of renal cancers.

A
  1. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma
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7
Q

Both familial and sporadic types of clear cell renal cell carcinoma are associated with (1) of function of the (2) gene on chromosome (3)

A
  1. loss
  2. VHL tumor suppressor
  3. 3
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8
Q

Clinical features of renal cell carcinoma are (1). Constitutional symptoms of (2) are often also present.

A
  1. costovertebral angle pain, presence of a palpable mass and often hematuria (intermittent)
  2. fever, malaise and weight loss
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9
Q

Renal cell carcinomas can produce a diverse number of symptoms from abnormal hormone production such as (1) which may confuse the diagnosis.

A
  1. polycythemia, HTN, hypercalcemia and Cushing’s syndrome
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10
Q

Frequent metastatic sites of renal cell carcinomas are ?

A

lungs and bone

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11
Q

Tumor extension to involve perirenal or the presence of tumor within (1) are signs of poor prognosis

A
  1. renal veins (renal vein invasion)
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12
Q

Urothelial carcinoma originates from the (1). (2) is a frequent presenting symptom. Larger tumors may produce (3)

A
  1. urothelial lining cells of the renal pelvis
  2. Hematuria
  3. hydro nephrosis
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13
Q

Urothelial carcinoma may frequently be present in other portions of the (1)

A

renal pelvis, ureters or bladder

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14
Q

(1) is the most common primary kidney tumor in children (1 in 10,000 children) and the fourth most common pediatric malignancy. Tumors are bilateral in up to 10% of cases.

A
  1. Wilms tumor or nephroblastoma
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15
Q

Wager syndrome patients have _____

A

aniridia, genital abnormalities, mental retardation

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16
Q

Wager syndrome features germline deletions of (1) and studies of these patients led to the identification of the (2).

A
  1. 11p13

2. Wilms tumor associated gene (WT1)

17
Q

Denys-Drash syndrome patients have ______

A
  1. gonadal dysgenesis
18
Q

Beskwith-Wiedmann syndrome patients (1) also have an increased incidence of Wilms tumors.

A
  1. enlargement of individual body parts or body segments
19
Q

WT1

A

Tumor suppressor gene

20
Q

often come to light due to presence of an easily palpated very large abdominal mass that may even extend into the pelvic area

A

Wilms tumors

21
Q

Features of VHL -

A

bilateral renal cell carcinoma, family history

22
Q
Diverse symptoms from hormone production (systemic symptoms unrelated to the kidney itself)
Polycythemia
HTN
Hypercalcemia
Cushing’s syndrome
A

Renal cell carcinoma clinical features

23
Q

aniridia, genital abnormalities, mental retardation‐33% lifetime risk

A

Wager syndrome

24
Q

gonadal dysgenesis, renal abnormalities‐90% lifetime risk

A

Denys‐Drash syndrome

25
Q

Triphasic combination of elements in WILMS tumor

1, 2, 3

A

blastemal
stroma;
epithelial cell types(abortive tubules or glomeruli)