Key 1 of 2- Inflammation and Wound Healing Flashcards
The function of LPS in gram-negative infections
PAF and NO= Peripheral vasodilatation
PGE2 functions (4)
Increased vascular permeability
Vasodilation
Fever
Pain
Where does vasodilation occur specifically
Arteriole
Leukotriene (C,D,E) functions (3)
Bronchoconstriction-Think Asthma after aspirin use Vasoconstriction Increased Permeability (via pericyte contraction)
classical complement pathway is activated by
IgG or IgM binding C1
‘GM makes Classic cars”
Alternative pathway activated by
Microbes directly activate complement
Common product of all 3 complement pathway
C3 convertase, which produces C3a and C3b
C3a and C5a functions
Anaphylatoxins –> trigger mast celld egranulation
C3b function
Opsonin
3 key mediators of Redness and Warmth
Bradykinin
HIstamine
PGs
2 key mediators of swelling
Histamine
Tissue damage
2 mediators of pain
Bradykinin
PGE2
Mechanism of fever in bacterial infection
Pyrogens from bacteria cause macrophages to release IL1 and TNF
IL1 and TNF increase COX in perivascular cells of hyopthal –> increase set point
What do selectins bind to on the leukocyte?
Silalyl Lewis X
3 structures mediating cellular adhesion
ICAM/VCAM on endothelial cell
Integrins on leukocyte
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency is a defect in
Integrins
3 hallmark features of LAD
1- Delayed separation of umbilical cord
2- Increased neutrophil count (detachment of marginated pool)
3- recurrent bacterial infection w/o pus formation
Chediak Higashi defect
Defective lysosomal trafficking regulator Gene (LYST)
Results in microtubule defects and poor phagolysosome formation
Clinical features of Chediak higashi (5)
- Recurrent pyogenic infections
- albinism (unable to move melanin to keratinocytes
- peripheral neuropathy
- Pancytopenia (no microtubules = no cell division)
- Giant granules in granulocytes
NADPH Oxidase deficiency
Chronic granulomatous disease (unable to produce reactive oxygen species)- get granuloma in bacterial infection!
CGD inheritance
X linked recessive
Hallmark of CGD
Recurrent infection with catalase-positive organisms
Pseudomonas, Candida, Ecoli, Staph
How to differentiate b/w CGD and MPO deficiency
Check free radical is present or not
2 mechanisms by which neutrophils kill
O2 dependent»_space;> O2 independent (lysosyme)
Major macrophage killing mechanism
Lysozyme…O2 independent (Stroke)