Renal Anatomy Flashcards
What is excretion?
Removal of nitrogenous waste products from body fluids (urine production)
What is elimination?
Discharge of waste products into the environment (peeing)
What is involved in homeostatic regulation of blood plasma?
- Regulating blood volume and pressure
- Regulating plasma ion concentrations
-Stabilizing blood pH - conserving nutrients
True or false: kidneys are retroperotoneal
True
What does retroperotoneal mean?
Posterior to the peritoneum
What percentage of the body’s blood volume do the kidneys hold?
20%
What do kidneys filter out of blood?
Excess water, salts and protein wastes
What do the renal artery/vein and venal pelvis enter/exit through?
Renal hilum
What is the functional unit of the teidney?
Nephron
Where are the nephron’s located?
Renal pyramids
What are the 2 parts of the nephron?
- Renal corpuscle
- renal tubule
What does blood enter the nephron through?
Renal corpuscle
What separates the adrenal gland from the kidney?
Renal fascia
What are the adrenal glands encased in?
Perirenal fat capsule
What do the adrenal glands secrete?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine (in response to sympathetic stimulation)
Secrete corticosteroids and androgens (hormones)
- cause kidneys to retain sodium and water in response to stress
What type of contractions force ruin toward urinary bladder?
Peristaltic
What does ureteral sphincter do?
Regulates drive flow into bladder (prevents bacteflow)
What is the capacity of your bladder?
700 - 800 mL
When do you get a parasympathetic response that you need to pee?
At 200-400 mL
What gives you you parasympathetic response to pee?
Splanchnic nerve plexus
What type of muscle makes up the internal urethral sphincter?
Smooth muscle
What type of muscle makes up the external urethral sphincter?
Skeletal muscle
Length of urethra?
Males: 20cm
Females: 8cm
What is the largest muscle in the pelvic floor?
levator ani
