Renal Anatomy

Question 1

What is excretion?

Answer 1

Removal of nitrogenous waste products from body fluids (urine production)

Question 2

What is elimination?

Answer 2

Discharge of waste products into the environment (peeing)

Question 3

What is involved in homeostatic regulation of blood plasma?

Answer 3

• Regulating blood volume and pressure
• Regulating plasma ion concentrations
  -Stabilizing blood pH
• conserving nutrients

Question 4

True or false: kidneys are retroperotoneal

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What does retroperotoneal mean?

Answer 5

Posterior to the peritoneum

Question 6

What percentage of the body’s blood volume do the kidneys hold?

Answer 6

20%

Question 7

What do kidneys filter out of blood?

Answer 7

Excess water, salts and protein wastes

Question 8

What do the renal artery/vein and venal pelvis enter/exit through?

Answer 8

Renal hilum

Question 9

What is the functional unit of the teidney?

Answer 9

Nephron

Question 10

Where are the nephron’s located?

Answer 10

Renal pyramids

Question 11

What are the 2 parts of the nephron?

Answer 11

• Renal corpuscle
• renal tubule

Question 12

What does blood enter the nephron through?

Answer 12

Renal corpuscle

Question 13

What separates the adrenal gland from the kidney?

Answer 13

Renal fascia

Question 14

What are the adrenal glands encased in?

Answer 14

Perirenal fat capsule

Question 15

What do the adrenal glands secrete?

Answer 15

Epinephrine and norepinephrine (in response to sympathetic stimulation)
Secrete corticosteroids and androgens (hormones)
- cause kidneys to retain sodium and water in response to stress

Question 16

What type of contractions force ruin toward urinary bladder?

Answer 16

Peristaltic

Question 17

What does ureteral sphincter do?

Answer 17

Regulates drive flow into bladder (prevents bacteflow)

Question 18

What is the capacity of your bladder?

Answer 18

700 - 800 mL

Question 19

When do you get a parasympathetic response that you need to pee?

Answer 19

At 200-400 mL

Question 20

What gives you you parasympathetic response to pee?

Answer 20

Splanchnic nerve plexus

Question 21

What type of muscle makes up the internal urethral sphincter?

Answer 21

Smooth muscle

Question 22

What type of muscle makes up the external urethral sphincter?

Answer 22

Skeletal muscle

Question 23

Length of urethra?

Answer 23

Males: 20cm
Females: 8cm

Question 24

What is the largest muscle in the pelvic floor?

Answer 24

levator ani

Question 25

What does the elevator ani do?

Answer 25

Support viscera, resists inferior thrust due to intra-abdomial pressure
Acts as sphincter