Renal A & P Flashcards
What are the functions of the kidneys?
- Water balance
- Osmolarity
- Quantity and concentration of most ECF ions.
- Plasma volume/blood pressure.
- Acid-base balance
- Eliminating Waste
- Eliminating foreign compounds.
- Producing erythropoietin
- Producing renin
- Activating Vitamin D
What is acute renal failure?
Sudden loss of kidney function.
What is cystitis?
Inflammation of the urinary bladder.
What is hematuria?
Blood in urine.
What is Hemodialysis?
A method of clearing waste products from the blood.
What is nocturia?
Night urination
What is Polyuria?
Excessive urine output.
What is Uremia?
Retention of urinary constituents in the blood.
What is hydronephrosis?
Water in the kidney.
What does the afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, and peritubular capillaries do?
Afferent=carries blood to glomerulus.
Efferent=carries blood from glomerulus.
Peritubular=supplies the renal tissue.
What is the glomerulus?
A tuft of capillaries that filters a protein-free plasma into the tubular component.
What does the bowmans capsule do?
Collects the glomerular filtrate.
What does the proximal tubule do?
Uncontrolled reabsorption and secretion of selected substances occur here.
What does the loop of henle do?
Establishes osmotic gradient in renal medulla.
What does the distal tubule and collecting duct do?
Variable, controlled reabsorption of Na+ H2O and secretion of K+ and H+
What is the bowmans capsule made up of (Inner and outer)?
outer: squamous epithelium
Inner: podocytes associated with glomerular capillaries.
Filtrate must mass through what 3 structures?
- Capillary endothelium.
- Basement membrane
- Podocytes.
What is glomular filtrate? What is contained in it? What is normal GFR?
GF=Sum of all filtrate removed from blood.
Contains water, electrolytes, glucose. GFR=125 ml/min
What is the GFR equation?
Urine volume x Inulin conc in urine/ Inulin conc in plasma.
What is glomerular filtration?
Movement of material from glomerulus to Bowman’s capsule.
What causes increase or decreases in GFR?
increase= vasodilation decrease= vasoconstriction
What is tubular reabsorption? Where does it mainly occur?
Transfer of fluid and solutes of the lumen of the nephron into the interstitial space.
Primarily in proximal convoluted tubule.
What is transport maximum?
Concentration of transported molecules needed to saturate carriers and achieve max transport rate.
What is the Tm of glucose?
375 mg/min
