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Medicine conditions for finals > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Cuases of renal arterty stenosis?

A

atherosclerosis (older)

Renal fibromuscular dysplasia (connective tissue disorder) (younger)

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2
Q

What hormone contributes to raised blood pressure in renal artery stenosis?

A

Renin (from juxtaglomerular cells)

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3
Q

Symptoms of renal artery stenosis?

A

Hypertension
headaches
blurred vision

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4
Q

Sign of renal artery stenosis

A

Renal bruit

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5
Q

Management of renal artery stenosis

A

Managing HTN!
Medication
lifestyle factors

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6
Q

What surgical procedure is done for renal artery stenosis

A

Balloon angioplasty
Stent
Graft bypass

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7
Q

What inheritance pattern is seen in PKD

A 
Autosomal dominant (adults)
Autosomal recessive (children)
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8
Q

When do PKD symptoms start to show?

A

40+

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9
Q

How does kidney size change in PKD

A

increase

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10
Q

Cause of pain in PKD

A

Large kidneys
cyst rupture
cyst infection
Uric acid stone formation

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11
Q

What kind of stones are common in PKD

A

Uric acid stones

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12
Q

Leading cause of death in PKD?

A

complications of hypertension

bury anneurisms, LVH

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13
Q

What medication should not be prescribed in PKD

A

Oestrogen medication

it can cause massive hepatic cysts

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14
Q

in PKD what other organs can develop cysts?

A 
Thyroid
Liver
Bowel
Ovaries
Testes
Uterus
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15
Q

What chance does an affected parent have of passing the disease on?

A

50%

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16
Q

Lifestyle management of PKD

A

Fluid intake >3L
Reduce salt intake
Avoid caffeine

17
Q

Medical management of PKD

A

ACEi or ARB

Tolvaptan (if rapid cyst formation)

18
Q

What is the tetrad of nephrotic syndromes?

A

Proteinuria
Dyslipidaemia (hypercholesterolaemia)
Hypoalbuminaemia
Peripheral oedema

19
Q

What cells are damaged by inflammation, causing nephrotic syndromes?

A

Podocytes

20
Q

Key symptoms of nephrotic syndromes?

A

Mass proteinuria
+/- proteinuria (dependant on extent of damage)
Increased infection risk

21
Q

What are the effects of mass proteinuria on the rest of the body in nephrotic syndromes?

A 
Raised cholesterol (due to liver producing it alongside albumin)
Peripheral oedema (due to lower oncotic pressure in blood)
22
Q

What happens to the blood volume in nephrotic syndrome?

A

Decreased

due to it moving into tissues

23
Q

What hormone is produced in excess in nephrotic syndrome?

A

Renin

24
Q

Symptoms seen in nephrotic syndromes

A

Tiredness
Breathless (fluid overload/pleural effusion)
Frothy urine
Oedema

25
Q

Signs seen in nephrotic syndromes

A

Xanthelasma and xanthomata
Leukonychia
Oedema

26
Q

Causes of nephrotic syndromes

A

Diabetic nephropathy
Connective tissue disorders
Autoimmune disease

27
Q

What radiological investigation would you perform in nephrotic syndrome?

A

Chest X-ray
Looking for pleural effusion
Ultrasound Kidneys

28
Q

Hallmark features of nephritic syndromes

A

Haematuria
Proteinuria
Sterile pyuria
Hypertension

29
Q

Red blood cell casts: nephrotic or nephritic?

A

Nephritic

Sometimes emerge as acanthocytes

30
Q

What number is used as the distinction between proteinuria in nephritic vs nephrotic?

A

3.5g/24h
More is nephrotic
Less is nephritic

31
Q

Which cells are damaged by inflammation in nephritic syndrome?

A

Capillaries in the glomerulus

32
Q

Goodpastures syndrome is itic or otic?

A

Nephritic

33
Q

3 main signs/symptoms of RCC

A

Flank pain
Palpable mass in abdo or lower back
Haematuria

34
Q

Where does pain from kidney stones radiate?

A

flank
groin
back

35
Q

Most common type of kidney stone?

A

Calcium oxalate

36
Q

What type of kidney stone is more common in chronic UTI?

A

Struvite

37
Q

Triad of symptoms in kidney stones

A

Fever
Vomiting
Flank pain

Medicine conditions for finals (13 decks)

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