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Medicine conditions for finals > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Give 4 indications to send someone with a sore throat to hospital

A 
Breathing difficulties
Oral abscesses (e.g. quinsy)
Clinical dehydration
Suspected epiglottitis 
Signs of systemic illness/sepsis
Suspected rare cause
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2
Q

What feverpain score should antibiotics be prescribed at?

A

4 or 5

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3
Q

What feverpain score would you consider delayed antibiotic prescribing for?

A

2 or 3

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4
Q

First line antibiotic for generic sore throat?

A

phenoxymethylpenicillin

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5
Q

What drug is prescribed for oral candida infection

A

Nystatin

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6
Q

Give 3 safety netting pieces of advice for someone with a suspected viral sore throat

A

If pain does not improve after 3 days
Difficulty swallowing
one sided neck/throat swelling

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7
Q

What counts as recurrent tonsilitis?

A

7 episodes in a year
5 per year for 2 years
3 per year for 3 years

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8
Q

Which lymph nodes are often enlarged in pharyngitis

A

cervical

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9
Q

What 5 things are on the feverpain score

A 
Fever (last 24h)
P us
A ttended within 3 days
I nflamed tonsils
N o cough
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10
Q

What does feverpain predict

A

Chance of isolating strep A

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11
Q

What abdominal finding would you expect in infectious mononucleosis?

A

splenomegaly

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12
Q

Name 4 common viral causes of sore throat

A

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
Influenza
Herpetic pharyngitis
Common cold (adeno/rhino/coronavirus)

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13
Q

Name 3 non-infectious causes of sore throat

A 
Smoking
Allergic rhinitis
GORD
Kawasaki disease
Oral mucositis (secondary to cancer treatments)
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14
Q

Signs of peritonsillar abscess?

A 
Trismus (difficulty opening mouth)
hot potato voice
Fetid breath
Drooling
displaced uvula
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15
Q

Suggest 2 options for wax removal

A

Electronic irrigation
Microsuction
Manual probe removal

All should be preceded by up to 5 days of using wax softener

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16
Q

What age does otosclerosis usually present?

A

15 to 35

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17
Q

What is the pathophysiology of otosclerosis

A

Sclerosis of the bones in the middle ear over time leads to progressive hearing loss

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18
Q

What range of sound is typically lost in otosclerosis?

A

Low tone

i.e. deep male voice

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19
Q

Signs of otosclerosis

A

Auroscopy normal
Conductive deafness with tuning fork test
Speak quietly due to increased resonance of own voice

20
Q

Management of otosclerosis?

A

Hearing aids

Surgery (stapedectomy or stapedotomy)

21
Q

What condition is endolymphatic hydrops part of?

A

Meniere’s disease

It is the progressive distension of the membranous labyrinth

22
Q

Core symptoms of meniere’s disease

A

vertigo
tinnitus
fluctuating hearing loss (with a sensation of pressure)

23
Q

Is meniere’s typically unilateral or bilateral?

A

Unilateral, although it can progress

24
Q

Drop attacks (without consciousness loss) can be a feature of which ENT condition?

A

Meniere’s disease (reported in 5% of patients)

25
Q

What test is used to diagnose BPPV

A

Dix-hallpike manouevre

26
Q

Acoustic neuroma’s affect which nerve?

A

Crainial nerve 8 (vestibulocochlear)

27
Q

Which condition is a risk factore for acoustic neuroma

A

Neurofibromatosis

28
Q

Triad of symptoms in acoustic neuroma

A

unilateral progressive hearing loss
vestibular dysfunction
tinnitus
(e.g. very similar to muniere’s)

29
Q

What ENT tumour can result in facial pain and numbness?

A

Acoustic neuroma

30
Q

3 things to diagnose sinusitis

A

Facial discomfort/pain/pressure
Nasal obstruction/purulent discharge
Decreased/absent sense of smell

31
Q

What treatment can be given after 10 days to someone with sinusitis

A

High dose corticosteroid intranasally for 2 weeks

32
Q

Where does sinus pain often refer to?

A

The upper jaw

33
Q

What chemical is used for cautery of nasal bleeds?

A

Silver nitrate

34
Q

Which illicit drug often causes nosebleeds

A

Cocaine

35
Q

Most common cause of vertigo?

A

BPPV

36
Q

Which semicurcular canal is most commonly affected in BPPV

A

Posterior

37
Q

Age of onset for BPPV?

A

40-60

38
Q

BPPV is provoked by what?

A

Head movements, often in a certain way

39
Q

what does a positive dix hallpike test show?

A

nystagmus (normally rotational if posterior canal)

40
Q

management of BPPV

A

Epley’s manouvre!

other than that, benign is in the name, its conservative but with a nod to possible falls

41
Q

What investigation should be done to investigate hoarse voice?

A

Flexible nasal endoscopy

42
Q

Which team treats benign vocal cord disease?

A

SALT team

43
Q

name 3 benign causes of hoarseness

A 
Vocal cord nodules 
muscle tension dysphonia
Vocal cord polyps
Laryngeal papillomas
Reflux laryngitis
Reinke's oedema
44
Q

What virus causes laryngeal papillomas?

A

HPV

45
Q

2 infective causes of hoarse voice

A

laryngitis

Epiglottitis

46
Q

What nerve palsy causes vocal dysfunction?

A

Recurrent laryngeal

47
Q

If a patient has vocal cord paralysis on investigation with flexible nasal endoscopy, what further investigation is needed?

A

CT neck and chest

To try to find lesion

Medicine conditions for finals (13 decks)

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