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Medicine conditions for finals > Opthalmology > Flashcards

Opthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

What is inflamed in Blepharitis

A

Eyelids

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2
Q

Distribution of blepharitis

A

All 4 eyelids

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3
Q

inflammation of eyelid boundry by the lashes is called?

A

Anterior Blepharitis

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4
Q

Sore gritty eyes, worse in the morning, affects both eyes?

A

Blepharitis

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5
Q

Cause of unilateral swollen eyelid

A

Stye
Chalazion
lid tumour

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6
Q

Which condition often causes dry eye as a complication?

A

Blephritis

Inflammation makes lumps that damage the tear film

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7
Q

Skin condition associated with blepharitis?

A

Rosacea

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8
Q

Treatment of Blepharitis

A

Lid hygeine

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9
Q

What causes chalaza

A

Blockage of the meibomian gland

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10
Q

Styes cause?

A

Blockage of lash follicle

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11
Q

How long should you warm compress a stye for?

A

at least 5 mins, twice a day

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12
Q

Are chalaza and styes painful?

A

Not reaaaaally, if it is painful, get worried

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13
Q

Name 4 causes of gradual visual loss

A

Refractive error
Cataracts
Age related macular degeneration
Open angle glaucoma

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14
Q

1 condition where haloes are a symtpom

A

Cataract

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15
Q

What is photopsia

A

Flicekring/flashing lights

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16
Q

Reduced colour sensitivity with gradual visual loss indicates what condition?

A

Age related macular degeneration

17
Q

1 cause of gradual deterioration that requires urgent referral

A

Age related macular degeneration

18
Q

Sign on retinal photograph of age related macular degeneration

A

yellow spots

aka drusen

19
Q

A cherry red spot on fundal examination is bad because of which condition?

A

Retinal artery occlusion

20
Q

Acute unilateral vision deterioration with headache

A

Probs GCA

21
Q

Blood test to do if GCA suspected?

A

ESR

22
Q

Classic triad of optic neuritis

A

Reduced vision
Eye pain on movement
Reduced colour perception

23
Q

Floaters and flashes point to what cause of acute visual loss

A

Retinal detachment

24
Q

2 common causes of vitreous haemorrhage

A

Trauma

Diabetic retinopathy

25
Q

3 categories of causes for dry eyes

A

Decreased tear production
Increased evaporation
systemic disease

26
Q

Signs of dry eye

A

Usually normal,

anything obvious points to another diagnosis

27
Q

Name 2 secondary care investigations for dry eye

A

Tear break up time
Slit lamp
Schirmer’s test
Flourescin staining for corneal abrasion

28
Q

2 common systemic diseases that cause dry eyes

A

Thyroid disease

Diabetes

29
Q

Treatment for dry eyes

A

Lid hygeine
Reduce aggravating factors
Tear substitutes

30
Q

What virus most commonly causes conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus

31
Q

Conjunctivitis with photophobia suggests what?

A

Corneal involvement

32
Q

Which lymph node is often enlarged with conjunctivitis?

A

Periauricular

33
Q

How long can viral conjunctivitis typically last?

A

4-6 weeks

34
Q

Scleritis vs episcleritis, which would you rather?

A

Episcleritis, scleritis is much more severe and damaging

35
Q

Symptoms of episcleritis

A

Redness
Pain
Gradual onset
(acute onset would be more indicative of scleritis)

36
Q

Examination to distinguish episcleritis from scleritis

A

Move the vessels with a cotton bud, if they are immobile then it is more likely scleritis
Vessels can also be darker and follow a radial pattern

37
Q

Assosciated conditions with episcleritis

A

Chron’s and UC

Connective tissue disease

38
Q

Scleritis assosciated conditions

A

Collagen vascular disorder
RA (v common)
Post operative ocular surgery

39
Q

treatment for episcleritis

A

Lubricate the eye
Artificial tears
Topical NSAID’s

Medicine conditions for finals (13 decks)

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