Renal

Question 1

What vertebral level does the right kidney lie?

Answer 1

L1- L3

Question 2

What vertebral level does the left kidney lie?

Answer 2

T12-L2

Question 3

What structure lies most anterior in the renal hilum?

Answer 3

Renal vein

Question 4

Why is the left renal vein longer than the right renal vein?

Answer 4

Left renal vein has to cross the aorta to go into the IVC

Question 5

What are the structures contained in the renal hilum? How do they sit?

Answer 5

Renal vein most anterior
Then the renal artery
Most posterior is the ureter

Question 6

Name the layers surrounding the kidney from inner to outer

Answer 6

Visceral peritoneum
Perinephric fat
Renal fascia
Paranephric fat

Question 7

In a CT the aorta sits to the patients left with the IVC sitting immediately to the right of it. T/F

Answer 7

F

Aorta to patients left
IVC superior and right to the aorta and vertebrae

Question 8

What are the vertebral levels of the left kdiney?

Answer 8

T12-L2

Question 9

What are the vertebral levels of the right kidney

Answer 9

L1-L3

Question 10

What rib levels are posteriorly related to the kidneus?

Answer 10

Ribs 11/12

Question 11

What are some of the anatomical relations of the right kidney?

Answer 11

Sits behind the colic flexture
Duodenum
Ribs 11/12

Question 12

What are some of the anatomical relations of the left kidney

Answer 12

Tail of pancreas
Spleen
Stomach
Splenic flexure of colon

Question 13

What is the lymph drainage of the kidneys?

Answer 13

Proximally to the lumbar lymph nodes and distally to the iliac nodes

Question 14

Describe the path of urine from the nephrons collecting duct to the urethra

Answer 14

Nephrons collecting duct then minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder through ureteric orific then urethra

Question 15

What are the three most common sites for renal stones to lodge

Answer 15

Pelviureteric junction (renal pelvis transform into ureter)
Ureteric orifice
Ureter crosses anterior aspect of common iliac artery

Question 16

Renal artery stenosis may be associated with infrarenal AAA due to atherosclerosis. T/F?

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What is renal failure

Answer 17

When filtration in the glomerulis stops

Question 18

What muscle makes the pelvic floor?

Answer 18

The levator ani

Question 19

The ureters pass posterior/anterior to the common iliac vessels?

Answer 19

Anterior

Question 20

The trigone of the bladder is an imaginary triangle between what strucutreS?

Answer 20

Ureteric orifices

Internal urethral orifice

Question 21

What is the most inferior part of the peritoneum in the standing male?

Answer 21

The rectovesicle pouch

Question 22

What is the most inferior part of the peritoneum in the standing female

Answer 22

Pouch of douglas (between rectum and uterus)

Question 23

What is the tunica vaginalis?

Answer 23

Sac that surrounds the testis similar to the pleura of the lung

• hydrocele is when too much fluid in in the tunica vaginalis

Question 24

Where is sperm made?

Answer 24

In seminiferous tubules in the testis

Question 25

Where does lymph of the scrotum and penis drain into?

Answer 25

Superficial inguinal region

Question 26

Where does lymph from the testis drain to?

Answer 26

The lumbar nodes

Question 27

Where do veins from the right testicle drain into?

Answer 27

The IVC

Question 28

Where do veins from the L testicle drain into?

Answer 28

The left renal vein then IVC

Question 29

At what vertebral level do the sympathetic fibres leave the sympathetic chain to innervate the kidneys, ureters and bladder?

Answer 29

T10-L2

Question 30

What vertebral level do the pelvic splanchnic nerves that carry parasympathetic fibres to the bladder occupy?

Answer 30

S2,3,4

Question 31

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the kidney and ureters?

Answer 31

Vagus nerve

Question 32

Along what spinal level do the visceral afferents of kidneys use?

Answer 32

T11-L1

Question 33

Where would you feel kidney pain?

Answer 33

Loin

Question 34

What are the differentials of loin pain?

Answer 34

``` Herpes zoster Muscular pain Vertebrae Spinal root compression Lower lobe pneumonia Kidney pain ```

Question 35

Where would you expect pain of the ureters to present?

Answer 35

Loin to groin pain

Question 36

What would a differential of ureteric pain be? (Loin to groin pain)

Answer 36

Hernias, lymphadenopathy, testicular pathology

Question 37

Where would you expect bladder pain to present?

Answer 37

Suprapubic pain

Question 38

Where would urethral pain prsent?

Answer 38

Perineal pain

Question 39

What are some differnetials of suprapubic pain

Answer 39

Bladder, hindgut organs, uterus

Question 40

What are some differentials of perineal pain?

Answer 40

Vaignal tear Anal canal fissure Perineal genital ulcers Urethra

Question 41

Waht germ layer will form the kidneys and bladder?

Answer 41

The intermediate mesoderm

Question 42

What are the three stages of kidney development

Answer 42

Pronephros at day 22/23 not functional Mesonephros (functional) form bladder and mesonephric duct Metanephros (functional) form the kidney proper

Question 43

In the developing embryo what is the pelvic vertebral level they originate at?

Answer 43

L1 then ascend at wks 6-9