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Anatomy JC > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

What vertebral level does the right kidney lie?

A

L1- L3

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2
Q

What vertebral level does the left kidney lie?

A

T12-L2

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3
Q

What structure lies most anterior in the renal hilum?

A

Renal vein

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4
Q

Why is the left renal vein longer than the right renal vein?

A

Left renal vein has to cross the aorta to go into the IVC

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5
Q

What are the structures contained in the renal hilum? How do they sit?

A

Renal vein most anterior
Then the renal artery
Most posterior is the ureter

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6
Q

Name the layers surrounding the kidney from inner to outer

A

Visceral peritoneum
Perinephric fat
Renal fascia
Paranephric fat

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7
Q

In a CT the aorta sits to the patients left with the IVC sitting immediately to the right of it. T/F

A

F

Aorta to patients left
IVC superior and right to the aorta and vertebrae

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8
Q

What are the vertebral levels of the left kdiney?

A

T12-L2

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9
Q

What are the vertebral levels of the right kidney

A

L1-L3

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10
Q

What rib levels are posteriorly related to the kidneus?

A

Ribs 11/12

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11
Q

What are some of the anatomical relations of the right kidney?

A

Sits behind the colic flexture
Duodenum
Ribs 11/12

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12
Q

What are some of the anatomical relations of the left kidney

A

Tail of pancreas
Spleen
Stomach
Splenic flexure of colon

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13
Q

What is the lymph drainage of the kidneys?

A

Proximally to the lumbar lymph nodes and distally to the iliac nodes

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14
Q

Describe the path of urine from the nephrons collecting duct to the urethra

A

Nephrons collecting duct then minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder through ureteric orific then urethra

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15
Q

What are the three most common sites for renal stones to lodge

A

Pelviureteric junction (renal pelvis transform into ureter)
Ureteric orifice
Ureter crosses anterior aspect of common iliac artery

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16
Q

Renal artery stenosis may be associated with infrarenal AAA due to atherosclerosis. T/F?

A

True

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17
Q

What is renal failure

A

When filtration in the glomerulis stops

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18
Q

What muscle makes the pelvic floor?

A

The levator ani

19
Q

The ureters pass posterior/anterior to the common iliac vessels?

A

Anterior

20
Q

The trigone of the bladder is an imaginary triangle between what strucutreS?

A

Ureteric orifices

Internal urethral orifice

21
Q

What is the most inferior part of the peritoneum in the standing male?

A

The rectovesicle pouch

22
Q

What is the most inferior part of the peritoneum in the standing female

A

Pouch of douglas (between rectum and uterus)

23
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis?

A

Sac that surrounds the testis similar to the pleura of the lung

  • hydrocele is when too much fluid in in the tunica vaginalis
24
Q

Where is sperm made?

A

In seminiferous tubules in the testis

25
Q

Where does lymph of the scrotum and penis drain into?

A

Superficial inguinal region

26
Q

Where does lymph from the testis drain to?

A

The lumbar nodes

27
Q

Where do veins from the right testicle drain into?

A

The IVC

28
Q

Where do veins from the L testicle drain into?

A

The left renal vein then IVC

29
Q

At what vertebral level do the sympathetic fibres leave the sympathetic chain to innervate the kidneys, ureters and bladder?

A

T10-L2

30
Q

What vertebral level do the pelvic splanchnic nerves that carry parasympathetic fibres to the bladder occupy?

A

S2,3,4

31
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the kidney and ureters?

A

Vagus nerve

32
Q

Along what spinal level do the visceral afferents of kidneys use?

A

T11-L1

33
Q

Where would you feel kidney pain?

A

Loin

34
Q

What are the differentials of loin pain?

A 
Herpes zoster
Muscular pain
Vertebrae
Spinal root compression
Lower lobe pneumonia
Kidney pain
35
Q

Where would you expect pain of the ureters to present?

A

Loin to groin pain

36
Q

What would a differential of ureteric pain be? (Loin to groin pain)

A

Hernias, lymphadenopathy, testicular pathology

37
Q

Where would you expect bladder pain to present?

A

Suprapubic pain

38
Q

Where would urethral pain prsent?

A

Perineal pain

39
Q

What are some differnetials of suprapubic pain

A

Bladder, hindgut organs, uterus

40
Q

What are some differentials of perineal pain?

A

Vaignal tear
Anal canal fissure
Perineal genital ulcers
Urethra

41
Q

Waht germ layer will form the kidneys and bladder?

A

The intermediate mesoderm

42
Q

What are the three stages of kidney development

A

Pronephros at day 22/23 not functional
Mesonephros (functional) form bladder and mesonephric duct
Metanephros (functional) form the kidney proper

43
Q

In the developing embryo what is the pelvic vertebral level they originate at?

A

L1 then ascend at wks 6-9

Anatomy JC (12 decks)

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