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Anatomy JC > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

What is the innervation of the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A

CNv2 and V3

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2
Q

What is the innervation of the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A

CNVII

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3
Q

What is the innervation of the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

A

CNIX glossopharyngeal

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4
Q

What is the innervation of the 4th pharyngeal arch?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve

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5
Q

What is the innervation of the 6th pharyngeal arch?

A

Reccurent laryngeal nerve

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6
Q

From what embryological layer do the pharyngeal pouches come from ?

A

Endoderm

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7
Q

From what embryological layer do the pharyngeal clefts come from ?

A

Ectoderm

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8
Q

From what embryological layer do the pharyngeal arches come from ?

A

Mesenchymal tissue from the paraxial and lateral plate mesoderm

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9
Q

What pharyngeal arch makes the maxilla, mandible, muscles of mastication and incus and malleus?

A

Arch 1 innervated by CN V2/3

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10
Q

A muscle is supplied by the facial nerve. What pharyngeal arch must it come from?

A

Arch 2

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11
Q

What arch makes the greater horn, lower part of the hyoid bone and stylpharyngeus?

A

Arch 3

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12
Q

What pharyngeal arch makes the laryngeal cartilages

A

Arch 4 and 6

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13
Q

What are the muscles formed from the 4th laryngeal arch

A

Cricothyroid
Levator veli palatini
Pharyngeal constrictors

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14
Q

What are the muscles formed from the 6th laryngeal arch

A

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles

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15
Q

What pharyngeal pouch forms the middle ear, tympanic membrane and eustachian tube

A

Pouch 1

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16
Q

What pharyngeal pouch forms thepalatine tonsils

A

Pouch 2

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17
Q

What pharyngeal pouch forms the inferior parathyroid gland an thymus?

A

Pouch 3

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18
Q

Pharyngeal Pouch 4 makes what structures?

A 
Superior parathyroid gland
Ultimobranchial body (thyroid gland, c cells)
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19
Q

At what stage is the semicircular canals formed?

A

Week 6

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20
Q

What structure then goes on to form the semicircular canals and cochlear?

A

The otic vesicle

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21
Q

What pharyngeal arches proliferate and fuse to make the external ear?

A

1 and 2

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22
Q

What bones make up the nasal cavity

A

Ethmoid bone, the maxilla and the nasal bones

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23
Q

Waht is anosmia

A

The loss of smell

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24
Q

Man fractures his cribiform plate of ethmoid. What might his symptom be?

A

Loss of smell due to the olfactory nerve coming through there

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25
Q

What is kiesselbachs area

A

Point in the anterioinferior septum of the nose where there are many arterial anastamosis

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26
Q

What is epitaxis?

A

Nose bleed

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27
Q

What are the three types of mucosa found in the nasal cavity

A

Stratigied squamous epithelium
Respiratory epithelium
Olfactory epithelium

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28
Q

What are the two nerves that supply the somatic sensory part of the nasal cavity

A

Ophthalmic division of CNV5 (anterior ethmoidal nerve)

Maxillary division of CN V5 (nasopalatine nerve)

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29
Q

What two bones make up the nasal septum?

A

Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

Vomer

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30
Q

What structure drains into the inferior meatus?

A

The nasolacrimal duct

31
Q

Where does the superior meatus drain into?

A

The sphenoid sinus

32
Q

Where does the middle meatus drain into?

A

The semilunar hiatus (opening for the frontal sinus, maxillary sinus and the anterior ehtmoidal sinus)

33
Q

Where does the ethmoidal bulla drain into?

A

Middle ehtmoidal cells

34
Q

What is the definition os sinusitis?

A

Inflammation of the mucosa in 1 or more of the paranasal sinus

35
Q

What is respiratory epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified culumnar stratified cililated epithelium 6

36
Q

State some of the innervations of the facial nerve?

A

Motor to stapedium
Taste to anterior 2/3rd tongue
Secretomotor to salivary and lacrimal gland
General sensation to external ear

37
Q

What is the innervation of the main body of helix to the antihelix and down to the lobe?

A

C2/3 spinal nerves

38
Q

What is the innervation of the superior parts of the external ear and most of the tympanic membrane?

A

CN V3

39
Q

What is the main supply of the inferior parts of the external acoustic meatus and tympanic membrane

A

CN X

40
Q

Where does all lymphatic drainage fo to ?

A

Deep cervical nodes in the carotid sheath

41
Q

What is the main nerve supply of the tympanic membrae>

A

CNV3 (internally then CNIX)

42
Q

And are the three bones of the middle ear (auditory ossicles)? What type of joint are they?

A

MIS

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

(Synovial joints

43
Q

What are the muscles of the inner ear

A

Stapedius (CNVII)

Tensor tympani

44
Q

Describe the boundaries of the tympanic cavity e.g what structures surround it

A

Roof- middle cranial fossa
Floor- jugular vein
Medial wall- labyrinth
Lateral wall- membranous/ tympanic wall

45
Q

What structures does the eustachian tube connect?

A

Anterior wall of the middle ear cavity to the nasopharynx

46
Q

What is the nerve supply to the eustachian tube? What is the relevance

A

CNIX

Common supply to also tonsils and pharynx so can have referred pain in form of earache

47
Q

What is the functio of the stapedius?

A

Reduces stapes movement to protect the internal ear

48
Q

How would you clinically test the frontalis, orbicularis oculi, elevator of lips and orbicularis oris muscles?

A

A. Frontalis- frown
B. Orbicularis oculi- shut eyes tightly
C. Elevator of lips- smile
D. Orbicularis oris- maintain puffed out cheeks

49
Q

What does the otic capsule contain?

A

The cochlea and the semicircular canals

They are suspended within perilymph and themselves contain endolymph fluid

50
Q

Through what structure does the stapes transmit soundinto the otic capsule and into the cochlea

A

Oval window

51
Q

What part of the vestibular apparatus detect horizontal movement and what part detects vertical movement

A

Urticle detect horizontal movement

Saccule detects vertical movement

52
Q

What part of your ear is involved with nbalance?

A

The semicircular canals

53
Q

What is the area in the cochlea superior to the basilar membare?

A

Scala vestibuli

54
Q

What is the area in the cochlea inferior to the basilar membare/ spiral ligament?

A

Scala tympani

55
Q

What is the innervationof the cochlea and vestibule?

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

56
Q

What area of the brain does the taste sense go to ?

A

Brainstem, thalamus, then Cortical gustatory areas

57
Q

Describe the innervation of the tongue?

A

7th nerve does the anterior 2/3 tongue

9th does posterior 1/3

58
Q

What ionic stimulation gives a salty taste?

A

NaCl

59
Q

What ionic stimulation gives a sour taste?

A

Acid like H+

60
Q

What ionic stimulation gives a sweet taste?

A

Glucose

61
Q

What ionic stimulation gives a bitter taste?

A

Alkaloids
Poisonous substances
Toxic plant derivatives

62
Q

What ionic stimulation gives a umami taste?

A

Amnio acids likel glutamate

63
Q

Name the 5 swellings that give rise to the facial structures

A

Frontonasal prominence
Maxillary prominence x2
Mandibular prominence x2

64
Q

At what week of develop[ment do the medial and lateral nasal swellings arise?

A

Week 5

65
Q

What structures fuse to form the primary palate in the fetus?

A

Fusion of the medial nasal prominences form the intermaxillary segment

66
Q

What structures fuse to form the secondary palate?

A

Right and left palatal shelves

67
Q

What is the innervation of the muscles of the pharynx

A

Vagus nerve EXCEPT stylopharyngeus CNIX

68
Q

What structure of the cricoid compresses the oesophagus during cricoid pressure for ventilation

A

Lamina of the cricoid cartilage

69
Q

What muscles of the larynx cause increaed pitch?

A

The tensors

Cricothyroid muscles

70
Q

Wht is the innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx (vvocal cords)

A

Vagus;

  • intrinsic muscles are inferior laryngeal nerve
  • ECEPT cricothyroid for external laryngeal nervej
71
Q

What muscles of the larynx allow decreasing pitch of voice?

A

Thyroartenoid muscles

72
Q

What intrinsic mucles of the larynx allow quieting fo the voice?

A

Adductors

Lateral crico-arytenoid muscles
Arytenoid muscles

73
Q

What muscles of the larynx allow the voice to get louder?

A

Abductors

Posterior crico-arytenoid muscles

Anatomy JC (12 decks)

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