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Medicine SHELF Prep > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Which diagnosis? Hyaline casts

A

Concentrated urine

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2
Q

Which diagnosis? Granular casts

A

Proteinuria

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3
Q

Which nephrotic syndrome? Associated with HBV

A

Membranous Glomerulopathy

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4
Q

Which nephrotic syndrome? Associated with HIV

A

FSGS

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5
Q

Tx Hypo-osmolar Hyponatremia- Hypervolemic

A

Na/H2O restriction, diuretics

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6
Q

Tx Hypo-osmolar Hyponatremia- Euvolemic

A

Water Restriction

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7
Q

Tx Hypo-osmolar Hyponatremia- Hypovolemic

A

IVF

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8
Q

Rate of correction for hypernatremia

A

<1mEq/hr

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9
Q

Rate of correction of hyponatremia

A

1-2mEq/hr up to 120, then 0.3-0.5mEq/hr

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10
Q

Tx Central DI

A

Vasopressin

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11
Q

Tx Nephrogenic DI (2)

A

Salt restriction, thiazide diuretic

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12
Q

EKG changes in hypokalemia

A

U waves, flattened/inverted T waves

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13
Q

EKG changes in hyperkalemia

A

flattened P waves, peaked T waves, widened QRS

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14
Q

Which finding/electrolyte disturbance? spasms with tapping of facial nerve

A

Chvostek sign/hypocalcemia

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15
Q

Which finding/electrolyte disturbance? carpal spasm with blood pressure cuff inflation

A

Trousseau sign/hypocalcemia

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16
Q

EKG changes in hypocalcemia

A

Prolonged QT

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17
Q

EKG changes in hypercalcemia

A

Shortened QT

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18
Q

Tx Hypercalcemia (first-line)

A

IVNS

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19
Q

Which diagnosis? Non-Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis with positive urine anion gap

A

Renal tubular acidosis

20
Q

Which diagnosis? Non-Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis with negative urine anion gap

A

GI bicarb losses, acid ingestion

21
Q

Urine Anion Gap =

A

Na + K - Cl

22
Q

Compensation chronic Metabolic acidosis

A

PCO2 = Bicarbonate + 15

23
Q

Compensation metabolic alkalosis

A

1HCO3/0.7pCO2

24
Q

Compensation Respiratory Acidosis

A

10pCO2 - 1HCO3 (acute) or 3.5HCO3 (chronic)

25
Q

Compensation Respiratory Alkalosis

A

10pCO2 - 2HCO3 (acute) or 4HCO3 (chronic)

26
Q

What FENa? ATN

A

> 2

27
Q

What FENa? Acute GN

A

<1

28
Q

What FENa? AIN

A

> 2

29
Q

Tx Hepatorenal syndrome (3)

A

Albumin, Norepinephrine/midodrine, octreotide

30
Q

Goal Hgb in CKD

A

10

31
Q

Indications for phosphorous binders

A

> 4.5

32
Q

Tx hyperphosphatemia in CKD

A

Calcium based if CaPO4 <55, non-calcium based if CaPO4 >55

33
Q

Which stones? Envelope shaped

A

Calcium oxalate

34
Q

Which stones? diamond/rhomboid shaped

A

Uric acid

35
Q

Which stones? associated with tumor lysis syndrome

A

Uric acid

36
Q

Which stones? coffin-shaped

A

Struvite (Mg-NH4-PO4 or CaCO3-apatite)

37
Q

Which stones? can form stag horn calculus

A

Struvite (Mg-NH4-PO4 or CaCO3-apatite)

38
Q

Which stones? Hexagonal stones

A

Cystine

39
Q

Which stones? reduced incidence with increased calcium intake

A

Calcium oxalate

40
Q

Which stones? AR inheritance

A

Cystine

41
Q

Which stones? Associated with Klebsiella or Proteus UTI

A

Struvite (Mg-NH4-PO4 or CaCO3-apatite)

42
Q

Dx Nephrolithiasis

A

Non-contrast CT (or US)

43
Q

Nephrolithiasis indication for urology consult

A

size >7mm

44
Q

Tx nephrolithiasis >7mm

A

Tamsulosin (or CCB)

45
Q

Tx recurrent cystine or uric acid stones

A

Potassium citrate (raises urine pH)

46
Q

Tx recurrent calcium oxalate stones

A

HCTZ, potassium citrate

Medicine SHELF Prep (12 decks)

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