Neuro Flashcards
Which CN palsy is most common with intracranial hypertension?
CN6
C/I to triptans
ischemic vascular disease, uncontrolled HTN
Tx cluster headache
oxygen (abortive), verapamil (ppx)
Which diagnosis? summer/early fall, most common aseptic meningitis
Enteroviral meningitis (echovirus, coxsackie virus)
Dx enteroviral meningitis
PCR
Dx arboviral meningitis
ELISA
Tx bacterial meningitis
vancomycin + ceftriaxone (age>50 add ampicillin); dexamethasone prior to abx
Tx bacterial meningitis in trauma/CSF shunt
Vancomycin + 4th generation cephalosporin
Tx HTN in stroke indications
> 220/120 or for tPA
Tx HTN in stroke agents (2)
Nicardipine, labetalol
Absolute C/I to tPA (4)
recent surgery, hemorrhage, prior hemorrhagic stroke, coagulopathy
F/U Tx stroke ppx
aspirin or DAPT x1-6months
Which dementia? cognitive decline, gait impairment, urinary incontinence
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Which dementia? associated with visual hallucinations
Lewy Body
Which dementia? personality and behavioral changes
Fronto-Temporal Dementia
Tx mild Alzheimer
Cholinesterase Inhibitor
Tx mod-severe Alzheimer
Memantine
Tx agitation in delirium
Low dose anti-psychotic
Tx Guillain-Barre Syndrome
IVIG or plasmapheresis
Which dementia? ataxia, dysautonomia
Multiple System Atrophy
Inheritance Essential Tremor
AD
Tx Essential Tremor (2)
Propranolol, Primidone
Tx Dystonia (2)
Diphenhydramine, benztropine
Tx Cervical Dystonia
Botox
Which epilepsy syndrome? onset 10-30, focal +/- generalization, temporal spikes on EEG
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Which epilepsy syndrome? onset 12-18, myoclonic/GTC, 4.5Hz multiple spike and wave
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
Which epilepsy syndrome? onset 4-10, 3Hz generalized spike and wave
Absence
Which epilepsy syndrome? Onset 2-adult, difficult to control, generalized slow spike and wave
Lennox-Gastaut
Which AED? Hyponatremia, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, AV block
Carbamazepine
Which AED? CYP inducers (4)
Carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, topiramate
Which AED? Only effective for absence seizures
Ethosuximide
Which AED? sedation, DRESS syndrome, SJS
Gabapentin
Which AED? AV block, cardiac arrhythmias, depression its suicidality
Lacosamide
Which AED? Agranulocytosis, abdominal pain, hyponatremia, anaphylaxis
Oxcarbazepine
Which AED? Gingival hyperplasia, drug-induced lupus, hepatotoxicity
Phenytoin
Which AED? edema, jaundice, increased CK, sedation
Pregabalin
Which AED? Diarrhea, tremor, SJS
Lamotrigine
Which AED? SJS, psychosis, depression, few drug interactions
Levetiracetam
Which AED? metabolic acidosis, glaucoma, hepatotoxicity, nephrolithiasis
Topiramate
Which AED? edema, alopecia, weight gain, diarrhea, ototoxicity, pancreatitis
Valproic Acid
Which diagnosis? antibody to muscle-specific tyrosine kinase
Myasthenia gravis
Tx severe myasthenia gravis
IVIG, plasmapheresis
Which antibodies in Lambert-Eaton?
Presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels
Tx Lambert-Eaton
3,4-diaminopyridine
Tx ALS
riluzole