Renal

Question 1

What is the function of the renal system?

Answer 1

Homeostasis of pH, water, electrolyte, BP and waste product levels

Question 2

Which 4 components make up the renal system?

Answer 2

Kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra

Question 3

What are the ureter and upper urethra lined with?

Answer 3

transition epithelium- allows expansion when full

Question 4

What is the lower urethra lined with?

Answer 4

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 5

Clinical definition of upper urinary tract?

Answer 5

Kidneys + ureters

Question 6

Clinical definition of lower urinary tract?

Answer 6

Bladder + urethra

Question 7

Are the kidneys retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

Answer 7

retroperitoneal

Question 8

Are the bladder and urethra retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

Answer 8

intraperitoneal

Question 9

Which ribs protect the kidneys?

Answer 9

Ribs 11 + 12

Question 10

Blood supply to the kidney?

Answer 10

Left and right renal arteries, from the abdominal aorta

Question 11

How many branches does each renal artery have within the kidney?

Answer 11

5

Question 12

Venous drainage of the kidneys?

Answer 12

Right and left renal veins, draining into the IVC

Question 13

Kidney consists of a ___ cortex and an ___ medulla

Answer 13

outer, inner

Question 14

Roughly how many nephrons are present in 1 kidney?

Answer 14

1 million

Question 15

Structures within the nephron?

Answer 15

Convoluted tubules, loop of Henle and collecting duct

Question 16

What pathway does urine take out of the kidney?

Answer 16

Nephron collecting ducts–> minor calyx–> major calyx–> renal pelvis–> ureter

Question 17

Renal calculi is otherwise known as…

Answer 17

kidney stones

Question 18

What are kidney stone typically formed from?

Answer 18

urine calcium salts

Question 19

What is renal colic?

Answer 19

Pain that comes and goes due to obstruction (similar to peristalsis)

Question 20

What kind of cell is the bladder lined with?

Answer 20

Urothelium- can stretch when bladder is full

Question 21

What links to bladder and urethra?

Answer 21

internal urethral orifice

Question 22

What causes the bladder to contract when urinating?

Answer 22

Detrusor (smooth muscle) fibres

Question 23

What structure in the bladder is only present in males?

Answer 23

Internal urethral sphincter (prevents ejaculatory reflux)- involuntary

Question 24

What is the external urethral sphincter’s function?

Answer 24

Voluntary sphincter- open and close bladder when needed

Question 25

Why are UTIs more common in females?

Answer 25

Shorter urethra