Abdominal Pain

Question 1

3 parts of the small intestine?

Answer 1

Duodenum, Jejunum and Illeum

DJ Illium

Question 2

6 parts of the colon?

Answer 2

Caecum, Appendix, Ascending Colon, Transverse Colon, Descending Colon, Sigmoid Colon

Question 3

Flexure between ascending and transverse colon?

Answer 3

Hepatic flexure

Question 4

Flexure between transverse colon and descending colon?

Answer 4

Splenic flexure

Question 5

Gallbladder primary function?

Answer 5

Storage of bile

Question 6

Which organs are associated with the foregut?

Answer 6

Oesophagus to mid-duodenum, including liver, gallbladder, spleen and 1/2 of pancreas

Question 7

Which organs are associated with the midgut?

Answer 7

Mid-duodenum to proximal 2/3rds of transverse colon, including 1/2 of pancreas

Question 8

Which organs are associated with the hindgut?

Answer 8

Distal 1/3rd of transverse colon to anal canal

Question 9

Draw out abdominal regions

Answer 9

Right Hypochondrium, Epigastric, Left Hypochondrium
Right Lumbar, Umbilical, Left Lumbar
Right Inguinal, Pubic, Left Inguinal

Question 10

Layers of the abdominal wall? (deep to superficial)

Answer 10

Parietal peritoneum, Transverse Abdominis, Internal Oblique, External Oblique and Rectus Adbominis in the most medial adbomen

Question 11

What are the 2 different types of peritoneum?

Answer 11

Parietal- on the body wall

Visceral- engulfing organs

Question 12

What is in the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 12

Small amount of lubricating fluid

Question 13

Intraperitoneal meaning?

Answer 13

Almost completely covered in visceral peritoneum with minimal mobility

Question 14

With a mesentery (intraperitoneal) meaning?

Answer 14

Covered in visceral peritoneum and wraps behind organ to form a double layer (mesentery)- suspends organ from posterior body wall

Question 15

Retroperitoneal meain?

Answer 15

Only visceral peritoneum on anterior surface

Question 16

Examples of intraperitoneal organs?

Answer 16

Liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, parts of small intestine, transverse colon

Question 17

Examples of retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 17

Kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, ascending and descending colon

Question 18

Peritoneal formations- what is a mesentery?

Answer 18

Usually connects organ to posterior body wall

Question 19

What is the greater omentum?

Answer 19

4 layers, hangs like apron. Attaches on greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon

Question 20

Peritoneal formations- what are peritoneal ligaments?

Answer 20

Double layer of peritoneum connect organs to one another or body wall

Question 21

The name of the mesentery of the small intestine and attachment?

Answer 21

Mesentery proper, attaches from left hypochondrial to right inguinal

Question 22

What is the lesser omentum?

Answer 22

Double layer of peritoneum, runs between lesser curvature of stomach and duodenum to liver.
Has a free edge of the right hand side

Question 23

How do the lesser and greater sacs communicate?

Answer 23

Through Omentum Foramen (Foramen of Winslow)

Question 24

2 ligaments which are associated with the lesser omentum?

Answer 24

Hepatogastric ligament and Hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 25

Ligament between the stomach and spleen?

Answer 25

Gastrosplenic ligament

Question 26

Ligament between spleen and left kidney?

Answer 26

Splenorenal ligament

Question 27

Pouch between the bladder and rectum in males?

Answer 27

Rectovesical pouch

Question 28

Pouch between the bladder and uterus in women?

Answer 28

Vesico-uterine pouch

Question 29

Pouch between the uterus and rectum in women?

Answer 29

Recto-uterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)

Question 30

Where is the needle inserted during abdominocentesis?

Answer 30

lateral to the rectus sheath to avoid the inferior epigastric artery

Question 31

Name of the nervous system specific to the GI tract?

Answer 31

Enteric nervous system

Question 32

Parasympathetic nerves … the rate of peristalsis

Answer 32

increase

Question 33

Sympathetic nerves … the rate of peristalsis

Answer 33

decrease

Question 34

Abdominal sympathetic nerves leave the spinal cord between which levels?

Answer 34

T5- L2 via abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 35

Where do these abdominal sympathetic chains synapse?

Answer 35

Prevertebral ganglia, located anterior to the aorta

Question 36

Sympathetic nerves form which plexus in the abdomen?

Answer 36

Periarterial plexus

Question 37

Adrenal gland sympathetic nerves leave the spinal cord between which levels?

Answer 37

T10-L1

Question 38

Where do these adrenal sympathetic chains synapse?

Answer 38

Directly in cells

Question 39

Parasympathetic innervation up until the distal end of the transverse colon?

Answer 39

Vagus nerve (X)

Question 40

Parasympathetic innervation for smooth muscle/glands of descending colon to anal canal?

Answer 40

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2,3,4)

Question 41

Pain in epigastric region suggests problem in which part of abdomen, and where do the pain fibres enter the spinal cord?

Answer 41

Foregut, enter at T6-9

Question 42

Pain in umbilical region suggests problem in which part of abdomen, and where do the pain fibres enter the spinal cord?

Answer 42

Midgut, enter at T8-12

Question 43

Pain in pubic region suggests problem in which part of abdomen, and where do the pain fibres enter the spinal cord?

Answer 43

Hindgut, enter at T10-L2

Question 44

Where can pain from the stomach, duodenum and pancreas refer to?

Answer 44

Mid back

Question 45

Where can pain from the liver or gallbladder refer to?

Answer 45

Right shoulder, or right rib cage in case of gallbladder

Question 46

Where can pain from the appendix refer to?

Answer 46

From umbilical region towards the left inguinal region