Anatomy of Jaundice

Question 1

Jaundice is caused by…

Answer 1

increased bilirubin in the blood

Question 2

Bilirubin is a by-product of…

Answer 2

the breakdown of red blood cells in the spleen

Question 3

Where is bilirubin stored?

Answer 3

Made in spleen, bile made in liver and stored and concentrated in gallbladder

Question 4

2 main functions of the liver?

Answer 4

Bile secretion and glycogen storage

Question 5

Where is the liver located?

Answer 5

In the RUQ, protected by ribs 7-11

Question 6

Name the four lobes

Answer 6

Right lobe, left lobe, caudate lobe (posterior and superior) and quadrate lobe (posterior and inferior)

Question 7

What is the name of the ligament between the right and left liver lobes?

Answer 7

Falciform ligament

Question 8

Which lobe features a “bare area” (not covered in peritoneum)

Answer 8

The right lobe

Question 9

How many segments are in the liver and what does each have?

Answer 9

8 segments- each with a branch of hepatic artery, branch of hepatic portal vein, bile drainage and venous drainage.

Question 10

Which 3 structures make up the portal triad?

Answer 10

Hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery proper and bile duct

Question 11

Which ligament does the portal triad run through?

Answer 11

Hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 12

What is the first midline branch of the aorta and where does this branch occur?

Answer 12

Coeliac trunk leaves at T12 (run retroperitoneal)

Question 13

Which organs does the coeliac trunk supply?

Answer 13

The foregut organs

Question 14

Coeliac trunk bifurcates into…

Answer 14

Splenic artery (runs behind stomach and supplies spleen)
Left gastric
Common hepatic artery (further branches to gastroduodenal artery then becomes hepatic artery proper)

Question 15

What is the course of the left and right gastric arteries?

Answer 15

Along the lesser curvature of the stomach and lesser omentum and anastomose

Question 16

What is the course of the right and left gasto-omental arteries?

Answer 16

Along the greater curvature of the stomach and greater omentum and anastomose

Question 17

Where is the hepatorenal recess (Morison’s pouch)?

Answer 17

Between liver and right kidney

Question 18

Where is the subphrenic recess?

Answer 18

Between the diaphragm and liver

Question 19

Hepatic portal vein is formed of which 2 veins?

Answer 19

Splenic and superior mesenteric vein

Question 20

Inferior mesenteric vein drains to?

Answer 20

Splenic vein

Question 21

Name the 4 parts of the gallbladder?

Answer 21

Fundus, body, neck and cystic duct

Question 22

What supplies the gallbladder with blood?

Answer 22

Cystic artery

Question 23

What supplies each liver lobule?

Answer 23

Interlobular portal triad (branch of hepatic portal vein, branch of hepatic artery and branch of biliary duct)

Question 24

Is the pancreas intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

Answer 24

Retroperitoneal

Question 25

Is the spleen intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

Answer 25

Intraperitoneal

Question 26

Bile flows in and out of the gallbladder via the…

Answer 26

Cystic duct

Question 27

The cystic artery, cystic duct and common hepatic duct make up…

Answer 27

the Triangle of Calot

Question 28

Where can gallbladder pain radiate to?

Answer 28

Right shoulder

Question 29

Where does the duodenum begin?

Answer 29

The pyloric sphincter

Question 30

Where does the duodenum end?

Answer 30

The duodenojejunal flexure

Question 31

Where does pain from the duodenum present?

Answer 31

Epigastric region

Question 32

Which peptide hormones does the duodenum secrete?

Answer 32

Gastrin and CCK (cholecystokinin)

Question 33

Name the 5 parts of the pancreas?

Answer 33

Head, uncinate process, neck, body, tail

Question 34

What does the pancreas lie posteriorly to?

Answer 34

Stomach

Question 35

Which type of cells carry out the exocrine function of the pancreas? (excrete digestive enzymes)

Answer 35

Acinar cells

Question 36

Where is the Ampulla of Vater?

Answer 36

Junction between the duodenum and the common bile duct

Question 37

Where would you find Peyer’s patches?

Answer 37

Ileum

Question 38

Which vessels supply and drain the jejunum and ileum?

Answer 38

Supply: superior mesenteric artery via jejunal and ileal arteries

Drainage: Superior mesenteric vein into hepatic portal vein via. jejunal and ileal veins

Question 39

Name of the specialised lymphatic vessels that carry absorbed fats from small intestine?

Answer 39

Lacteals- into venous system at left venous angle