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Anatomy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Where do afferent neurons come from and where do they go?

A

From organs or tissue to the CNS

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2
Q

Where do efferent neurons come from and where do they go?

A

From the CNS to organs or tissue

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3
Q

What is a synapse?

A

Site of chemical communication between 2 or more neurons

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4
Q

How do signals travel through nerves?

A

Action potentials become chemical signals (neurotransmitters) and travel through nerve axons, becoming electrical signals again at the brain.

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5
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

Part of peripheral nervous system- associated with skeletal muscle voluntary control of body

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6
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

Part of peripheral nervous system- associated with smooth muscle (involuntary)- e.g. internal organs

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7
Q

What is the outermost layer of the brain called?

A

Cerebral cortex (grey matter)

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8
Q

Name 2 features of the cerebral cortex

A

Gyrus and Sulcus (types of folds)

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9
Q

How many cranial fossa are there in the base of the skull?

A

3 (anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossa)

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10
Q

What is the name of the hole is the base of the skull which the spinal cord passes through?

A

Foramen Magnum

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11
Q

Name the 3 parts of the brainstem, from superior to inferior

A

Midbrain, Pons and Medulla Oblongata

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12
Q

Name the two enlargements on the spinal cord

A

cervical enlargement and lumbosacral enlargement

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13
Q

What is the inner area of the brain (containing many axons) also known as?

A

White matter- due to myelin

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14
Q

In which part of the grey matter are the sensory cell bodies?

A

Dorsal horn

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15
Q

In which part of the grey matter are the motor cell bodies?

A

Ventral horn

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16
Q

How many spinal nerves are there in total and how many of each kind?

A 
31 altogether:
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
17
Q

Which dermatome supplies the umbilicus?

A

T10

18
Q

Which dermatome supplied the male nipple?

A

T4

19
Q

What is a nerve plexus?

A

Networks of intertwined anterior rami

20
Q

Which nerves form the cervical plexus?

A

C1-4 anterior rami

21
Q

Which nerves form the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1 anterior rami

22
Q

Which nerves form the lumbar plexus?

A

L1-L4 anterior rami

23
Q

Which nerves form the sacral plexus?

A

L5-S4 anterior ramI

24
Q

Where do sympathetic fibres travel to in the spinal cord?

A

lateral horn (only present in T1-L2)

25
Q

What is the primary somatomotor area in the brain?

A

Left frontal lobe

26
Q

What is the definition of muscle paralysis?

A

A muscle without a functioning lower motor neurone- cannot contract

27
Q

What is the definition of muscle spasticity?

A

A muscle has an intact and functioning lower motor neurone, but the descending controls from brain are not working

28
Q

How would muscle paralysis appear on examination?

A

Reduced tone

29
Q

How would muscle spasticity appear on examination?

A

Increased tone

30
Q

What are visceral afferents?

A

Sensations from organs to CNS- e.g. touch, temperature, pain

31
Q

What does the sympathetic division on the ANS supply?

A

internal organs, body wall organs and arterioles

32
Q

Presynaptic neurone- transmitter and length?

A

acetylcholine and short

33
Q

Postsynaptic neurone- transmitter and length?

A

noradrenaline and long

34
Q

What is the name of the nerve type that sympathetics travel through before supplying organs?

A

Splanchnic nerves

35
Q

What does the parasympathetic division on the ANS supply?

A

Internal organs

36
Q

Function of the parasympathetic division on the ANS supply?

A

Rest and digest

37
Q

Presynaptic neurone- transmitter and length?

A

acetylcholine and long

38
Q

Postsynaptic neurone- transmitter and length?

A

acetylcholine and short

39
Q

Where do parasympathetic nerves leave the CNS?

A

CN II, VII, IX and X, and sacral spinal nerves (supplying hindgut, pelvis and perineum)

Anatomy (14 decks)

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