Endocrine Glands Flashcards
What do glands secrete?
Hormones
What things do hormones regulate? (4)
Metabolism, growth, reproduction and stress response
Endocrine glands in the head?
Hypothalamus and pituitary glands
Endocrine glands in the neck?
4 parathyroid glands and thyroid gland
Endocrine glands in the abdomen?
2 adrenal glands and pancreas
Endocrine glands specific to sex?
Ovaries/testes
Where is the hypothalamus?
Diencephalon (anterior part)
Where is the pituitary gland?
The pituitary fossa of the sphenoid bone (in front of hypothalamus)
What is the pituitary gland split into?
Anterior and posterior lobe
What does the posterior pituitary produce?
Vasopressin (ADH)
What does the anterior pituitary produce?
growth hormone, prolactin (milk production), TSH etc.
Thyroid gland uses what to produce its hormones?
iodine
Thyroid produces which 2 hormones?
T3 and T4 (regulate metabolism and growth)
What is an enlarged thyroid gland called and why does it happen?
Goitre
Lack of dietary iodine
What is the isthmus of the thyroid gland?
Area attaching the right and left lobes, anterior to trachea
How many parathyroid glands are there?
4
What do the parathyroid glands produce and what is this for?
parathyroid hormone (PTH) Controls the amount of calcium in blood and bone
Which arteries supply the thyroid and parathyroid?
Left and right superior and inferior thyroid arteries
Which veins drain the thyroid and parathyroid?
Right and left superior middle & inferior thyroid veins
Is the pancreas retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?
Retroperitoneal
Which vertebra does the pancreas overlie?
L1 + L2
Which arteries supply the pancreas?
Coeliac trunk and superior mesenteric artery
Which veins drain the pancreas?
Splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein–> hepatic portal vein
What does the pancreas produce?
insulin (endocrine) and digestive enzymes (exocrine)
