Renal Flashcards
A 45yo male with past history of kidney stones presents with unilateral flank pain. On further questioning he also complains of frequency and urgency. On examination his abdomen is distended
Obstructive uropathy from stone
Other causes:
- Unilateral: injury, malignancy
- Bilateral: BPH, urethral or meatal strictures, acute urinary retention, spinal cord injury or neurological disease (amongst others)
A female patient presents with flank pain, a high fever and nausea and vomiting. On further questioning they also admit to dysuria and urinary frequency
Pyelonephritis
A known diabetic presents with hypertension and peripheral oedema. What likely complication is occurring?
Diabetic nephropathy
A patient presents to the ED. They are hypotensive and tachycardic. They also complain of oliguria. UEC reveals elevated creatinine
Acute tubular necrosis from hypovolaemia
A patient presents with acute renal dysfunction, hypertension and haematuria, what syndrome do they have?
Nephritic syndrome
A patient presents with proteinuria, hypoalbuminuria and oedema, what syndrome do they have?
Nephrotic syndrome
If a patient has 1.5x increase from baseline sCr or 6 hours of oliguria, they are said to have…
Acute kidney injury
Pre-renal, renal or post-renal causes
A 45yo male presents with sudden onset, severe unilateral flank pain with associated nausea
Urolithiasis
A 23yo sexually active female presents with dysuria, frequency and urgency
UTI
A 78yo male with known BPH presents with sudden, painful inability to pass urine
Acute urinary retention
Other causes: ageing, intrinsic or extrinsic compression, neurogenic, detrusor dysfunction
A 63yo male with an elevated urine albumin:creatinine ratio and a GFR
CKD
A 56yo male with known long-standing hypertension presents with proteinuria on urinalysis. He has no symptoms
Hypertensive nephropathy
