Endocrine Flashcards
A 22yo presents with polyuria and polydipsia. Random blood glucose level was elevated
T1DM
A 45yo obese man presents with fatigue. Blood tests reveal an elevated Hba1c
T2DM
A known diabetic presents with altered consciousness, vomiting and acetone breath
Diabetic ketoacidosis
A known diabetic presents to the ED with altered mental status. Ketones are not elevated
Hyperosmolar coma
A female patient presents with fatigue, anorexia and weight loss. She also complains of palpitations and salt cravings. On examination, hyperpigmentation of the buccal mucosa is noted
Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease)
Other causes: TB, malignancy, some drugs
A female patient presents with insidious onset weight gain and change in menstrual habits. On examination, a buffalo hump is noted as well as striae
Cushing’s syndrome
Causes: Cushing’s disease, ectopic ACTH-secreting tumours, ectopic CRF, exogenous corticosteroid exposure
A 30yo patient presents with lethargy, nocturia and polyuria. On examination, they are hypertensive
Conn’s syndrome
A 30yo patient presents to the ED in hypertensive crisis. They also complain of a headache and palpitations. The patient’s partner noted they have had a few similar episodes to this in the past involving headache, palpitations, sweating and pallor
Phaeochromocytoma
A 33yo female presents with weight loss despite increased appetite and menstrual irregularities. On further questioning she also admits to some palpitations. On examination, a lid lag is noticed
Hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease)
Other causes: toxic multinodular goitre, iodine-induced, factitious, transient
A 40yo female with a history of coeliac disease presents with weight gain despite decreased appetite and constipation. On examination, reflexes are slowed
Hypothyroidism
Causes: autoimmune (Hashimoto’s), iatrogenic, drugs, congenital, iodine deficiency, infiltrative disorders
A 40yo female presents with a neck swelling. She has noted some hoarseness. She has no symptoms of hypo- or hyperthyroidism. US of the neck shows increased iodine uptake
Thyroid neoplasia
A 25yo female presents with a tremors and palpitations. On examination, a thyroid nodule is palpable
Toxic thyroid adenoma
A 22yo male presents with decreased libido. He has little body hair. On examination, his testicles are
Classical androgen deficiency
A 66yo overweight individual presents with inability to maintain an erection, fatigue and malaise. He has numerous CVD risk factors
Non-classical androgen deficiency
A patient presents with a headache associated with bitemporal hemianopia. The patient goes on to develop rhinorrhoea
Pituitary mass lesion (mass effect)
