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Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Arrangement of vessels in the renal sinus from anterior to posterior

A

1) Renal vein
2) Renal artery
3) Renal pelvis

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2
Q

The kidneys are in close contact posteriorly with what muscle

A

Psoas major

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3
Q

Superior pole of the left kidney is at the level of

A

11th rib

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4
Q

Hilum of the left kidney is at the level of

A

L1

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5
Q

Hilum of the right kidney is at the level of

A

L1-2

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6
Q

4 muscles related posteriorly to both kidneys

A

1) Diaphragm superiorly
2) Transversus abdominis inferolaterlly
3) Quadratus lumborum inferomedially
4) Psoas muscles inferomedially

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7
Q

Anterior to the right kidney are (2)

A

Duodenum and liver

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8
Q

Anterior to the left kidney are (3)

A

Stomach, pancreas, and spleen

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9
Q

Anterior to both kidneys are

A

Adrenal gland and colon

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10
Q

Coverings of the kidneys from the innermost to the outermost

A

1) Renal capsule/True capsule/Fibrous capsule
2) Perirenal fat
3) Gerota’s fascia/Renal fascia/Areolar fascia
4) Pararenal fat

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11
Q

Renal cortex extends into the medulla between the pyramids to from

A

Renal columns

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12
Q

of renal pyramids per kidney

A

12/10-18

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13
Q

Apex of the renal medulla

A

Renal papilla

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14
Q

The renal pelvis is divided into

A

2 major calyces

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15
Q

1 renal calyx is divided into

A

2-3 minor calyces

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16
Q

Each minor calyx is indented by

A

Renal papilla

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17
Q

Lymph from the kidney drains into

A

Lateral aortic nodes

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18
Q

Nerve supply to the kidneys

A

Renal sympathetic plexus

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19
Q

Preaortic nodes refer to

A

Celiac, super mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric nodes

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20
Q

Lateral/paraaortic/lumbar nodes refer to

A

Drainage of the kidneys and adrenal glands

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21
Q

Transplanted kidneys are placed on

A

Iliac fossa in front of the iliac us muscle

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22
Q

Renal transplant: Incision

A

Anterior abdominal wall directly above the inguinal ligament

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23
Q

Renal transplant: Approach to reach the iliac fossa

A

Retroperitoneal

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24
Q

Renal transplant: Renal artery is anastomosed to

A

Internal iliac artery

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25
Q

Renal transplant: Renal vein is anastomosed to

A

External iliac vein

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26
Q

Renal transplant: Ureters is attached to bladder via

A

Ureterocystostomy

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27
Q

The Gerota’s fascia is deficient at which end, allowing spread of pyelonephritis beyond the boundaries of the kidney

A

Inferior

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28
Q

What vein/s drain into the left renal vein

A

1) Left gonadal vein

2) Left adrenal vein

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29
Q

T/F Majority of kidney stones are seen on x-ray

A

T

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30
Q

Radioluscent kidney stones

A

1) Uric acid

2) Indinavir

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31
Q

Indinavir is a drug that slows the progress of what infection

A

HIV

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32
Q

Varicocele is dilation of what plexus

A

Pampiniform

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33
Q

Most common fusion anomaly of the kidney

A

Horseshoe kidney

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34
Q

Complication of hors hoe kidney

A

Kinking of ureter > stasis

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35
Q

Suprapubic aspiration is done via what space

A

Retropubic space of Retzius

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36
Q

Syndrome: Left renal vein entrapment between SMA and aorta causing varicocele

A

Nutcracker syndrome

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37
Q

The ureters insert into the bladder at what area

A

Superolateral angle

38
Q

The ureter enters the pelvis crossing in front of the

A

Bifurcation of the common iliac arteries

39
Q

Ureters: Run down the pelvis at which walls

40
Q

Ureters: Crossed by what structure in males

A

Vas deferens

41
Q

Ureters: Crossed by what structure in females

A

Uterine arteries

42
Q

Ureters: Beneath the uterine arteries, lateral vs medial

43
Q

Ureters: Beneath the uterine arteries, within what ligament

44
Q

Ureters: Muscle related posteriorly

45
Q

Ureters: At surgical risk at which pelvic sites

A

1) Within the suspensory ligament, medial to the ovarian vessels
2) Inferior to the uterine vessels
3) Adjacent to the transverse cervical ligament lateral to the uterine cervix

46
Q

Ureters: Blood supply, superior

A

Renal artery

47
Q

Ureters: Blood supply, middle

A

Gonadal artery

48
Q

Ureters: Blood supply, inferior

A

Superior vesical

49
Q

Ureters: Total length within the abdominal wall

50
Q

Ureters: Total length within the pelvis

51
Q

Ureters: Nerve supply

A

1) Renal plexus
2) Testicular/ovarian plexus
3) Hypogastric plexus

52
Q

Renal colic is referred over

A

T11-L2 dermatomes, from the back above the iliac crest through the inguinal region into the scrotum or labia majora

53
Q

Urinary bladder: Rests on

A

Pelvic floor

54
Q

Urinary bladder: Base, in males (3)

A

1) Seminal vesicles
2) Vas deferens
3) separated from rectum by Denonvilier fascia

55
Q

Urinary bladder: Superior surface, in males (2)

A

1) Sigmoid colon

2) Rectum

56
Q

Urinary bladder: Inferolateral surface

A

Retropubic space of Retzius

57
Q

Urinary bladder: Base, in females

A

1) Cervix

2) Upper vagina

58
Q

Urinary bladder: Superior surface

59
Q

Urinary bladder: Apex is connected to

A

Median umbilical ligament (urachus)

60
Q

Urinary bladder: Within the neck

A

Internal urethral orifice

61
Q

Urinary bladder: Maximum capacity

62
Q

Urinary bladder: Shape when empty

63
Q

Urinary bladder: Shape of base

A

Triangular

64
Q

Urinary bladder: Neck is held in position by

A

Puboprostatic (males)/pubovesical ligament (females)

65
Q

Urinary bladder: True ligaments

A

1) Median and lateral pubovesical

2) Rectovesical

66
Q

Urinary bladder: False ligaments

A

1) Median umbilical

2) Medial umbilical

67
Q

Urinary bladder: Smooth muscle

68
Q

Urinary bladder: Detrussor muscle has how many layers

69
Q

T/F Bladder can expand significantly without increasing internal pressure

70
Q

Urinary bladder: Arterial supply

A

1) Superior vesicle from anterior trunk of hypogastric artery
2) Inferior vesicle from anterior trunk of hypogastric artery

71
Q

Urinary bladder: Venous drainage

A

Vesical plexus from internal iliac vein

72
Q

Urinary bladder: Sympathetic supply

A

Hypogastric plexus from upper lumbar nerves

73
Q

Urinary bladder: Parasympathetic supply

A

Pelvic splanchnic from S2,3,4

74
Q

Mesonephric tubules give rise to

A

Ductus efferentes

75
Q

Mesonephric ducts give rise to (4)

A

1) Ductus epidydimis
2) Ductus deferens
3) Seminal vessicle
4) Ejaculatory duct

76
Q

Mesonephric duct is aka

A

Wolffian duct

77
Q

T/F Nephrogenesis only occurs during birth

78
Q

T/F Nephron maturation continues postnatally

79
Q

Origin of urinary bladder

A

Vesical part of urogenital sinus

80
Q

Cloaca is divided by the urorectal septum to from

A

1) Rectum dorsally

2) Urogenital sinus ventrally

81
Q

The urogenital sinus is divided into 3 parts

A

1) Cranial/vesical
2) Middle/pelvic
3) Caudal/phallic

82
Q

Urogenital sinus: Cranial part gives rise to

A

Urinary bladder

83
Q

Urogenital sinus: Middle part gives rise to

A

Entire urethra of females and except the penile urethra in males

84
Q

Urogenital sinus: Caudal part gives rise to

A

Genital tubercle

85
Q

Urethra, length: Male

86
Q

Urethra, length: Female

87
Q

Urethra, length: Prostatic

88
Q

Urethra, length: Membranous

89
Q

Urethra, length: Penile

90
Q

Right renal artery crosses where in relation to the IVC

Anatomy (20 decks)

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