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Anatomy > Lower Extremity, Topnotch > Flashcards

Lower Extremity, Topnotch Flashcards

1
Q

Innervation to the anterior thigh muscles

A

Femoral nerve

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2
Q

Quadriceps muscles (4)

A

1) Vastus lateralis
2) Vastus intermedius
3) Vastus medialis
4) Rectus femoris

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3
Q

Iliopsoas muscles (3)

A

1) Psoas major
2) Psoas minor
3) Iliacus

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4
Q

Common innervation of quadriceps muscles

A

Femoral nerve

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5
Q

ASIS is origin of what muscle

A

Sartorius

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6
Q

AIIS is origin of what muscle

A

Rectus femoris

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7
Q

Common insertion of iliopsoas muscles

A

Lesser trochanter

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8
Q

Common insertion of adductor muscles of leg

A

Linea aspera

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9
Q

Common insertion of hamstrings

A

Adductor tubercle of femur

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10
Q

Hamstring muscles (4)

A

1) Semitendinosus
2) Semimebranosus
3) Adductor magnus
4) Biceps femoris

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11
Q

Common origin of hamstrings EXCEPT short head of biceps femoris

A

Ischial tuberosity

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12
Q

Origin of short head of biceps femoris

A

Linea aspera and lateral supracondylar ridge of femur

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13
Q

Adductor canal: Runs from ___ to ___

A

Apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus in the adductor magnus tendon

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14
Q

Gluteal region: Superficial muscles

A

Gluteus maximus

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15
Q

Gluteal region: Intermediate muscles (2)

A

1) Gluteus medius

2) Gluteus minimus

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16
Q

Gluteal region: Deep group

A

1) Piriformis
2) Obturator internus
3) Superior and inferior gemelli
4) Quadratus femoris

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17
Q

Gluteal region, muscle group-action: Superficial

A

Extensor of thigh

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18
Q

Gluteal region, muscle group-action: Intermediate

A

Abductor and medial rotator of thigh

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19
Q

Gluteal region, muscle group-action: Deep group

A

Lateral rotator of thigh

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20
Q

Common origin of gluteal muscles

A

Outer surface of ilium

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21
Q

Common insertion of gluteal muscles EXCEPT gluteus maximus and quadrates femoris

A

Greater trochanter of femur

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22
Q

Insertion of gluteus maximus

A

Iliotibial tract (tensor fascia lata)

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23
Q

Insertion of quadrates femoris

A

Quadratus tubercle

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24
Q

Muscles that act at thigh: Flexion

A

Anterior compartment

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25
Q

Muscles that act at thigh: Extension

A

Posterior compartment + gluteus maximus

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26
Q

Muscles that act at thigh: Adduction

A

Medial compartment

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27
Q

Muscles that act at thigh: Abduction

A

Gluteus medius and minimus

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28
Q

Muscles that act at thigh: Medial rotation

A

Gluteus medius and minimus

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29
Q

Muscles that act at thigh: Lateral rotation

A

GQ POG

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30
Q

Nerve paralysis: Waddling gate

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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31
Q

Lumbar plexus: Formed within what muscle

A

Psoas major

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32
Q

Lumbar plexus: Nerve roots

A

Anterior rami of L1-4

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33
Q

Iliohypogastric nerve: Root

A

L1

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34
Q

Iliohypogastric nerve: Emerges from

A

Lateral border of psoas

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35
Q

Iliohypogastric nerve: Runs in front of

A

Quadratus lumborum

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36
Q

Iliohypogastric nerve: Supplies

A

Skin of lower anterior abdominal wall

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37
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve: Root

A

L1

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38
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve: Emerges from

A

Lateral border of psoas

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39
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve: Runs in front of

A

Quadratus lumborum

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40
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve: Passes into

A

Inguinal canal

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41
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve: Supplies

A

Skin of groin and scrotum/labia majora

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42
Q

Genitofemoral nerve: Emerges from

A

Anterior surface of psoas

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43
Q

Genitofemoral nerve: Root

A

L1-2

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44
Q

Genitofemoral nerve: Genital branch supplies

A

Cremaster muscle

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45
Q

Genitofemoral nerve: Femoral branch supplies

A

Skin of thigh

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46
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: Root

A

L2-3

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47
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: Emerges from

A

Lateral border of psoas

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48
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: Crosses the

A

Iliacus

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49
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: Enters the thigh behind

A

Inguinal ligament

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50
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: Supplies

A

Skin over lateral surface of thigh

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51
Q

Femoral nerve: Root

A

L2,3,4

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52
Q

Femoral nerve: Emerges from

A

Lateral border of psoas

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53
Q

Femoral nerve: Supplies

A

1) Anterior compartment of thigh

2) Skin on anteromedial aspect of thigh and medial foot

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54
Q

Obturator nerve: Root

A

L2,3,4

55
Q

Obturator nerve: Emerges from

A

Medial border of psoas

56
Q

Obturator nerve: Supplies

A

1) Medial compartment of thigh

2) Skin on medial aspect of thigh

57
Q

Largest branch of lumbar plexus

A

Lumbar nerve

58
Q

Lumbosacral plexus: Lies in front of

A

Piriformis

59
Q

Lumbosacral plexus: Formed by

A

Anterior rami of L4-5, S1-4

60
Q

Largest branch of lumbosacral plexus

A

Sciatic nerve

61
Q

Sciatic nerve: Root

A

L4-5, S1-3

62
Q

Lumbosacral plexus: Branches to the lower limb

A

1) Sciatic
2) Superior gluteal
3) Inferior gluteal
4) Nerve to quadratus femoris
5) Nerve to obturator internus
6) Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

63
Q

Lumbosacral plexus: Branches to the pelvis and perineum

A

PPPP

1) Pudendal
2) Pelvic splanchnic
3) Piriformis, nerve to
4) Perforating cutaneous nerve

64
Q

Pudendal nerve: Roots

A

S2,3,4

65
Q

Pelvic splanchnic nerve, Roots

A

S2,3,4

66
Q

Perforating cutaneous nerve supplies

A

Lower medial part of buttocks

67
Q

Largest nerve in the body

A

Sciatic nerve

68
Q

Sciatic nerve supplies

A

1) Skin of leg and foot

2) Muscles of posterior thigh

69
Q

Nerve paralysis: (+) Trendelenburg sign

A

Superior gluteal nerve

70
Q

Nerve paralysis: Difficulty in extending thigh at hip as in climbing stairs or rising from a chair

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

71
Q

Nerve paralysis: Gluteus maximus gait

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

72
Q

Gait in which patient thrusts the torso posteriorly in an attempt to counteract weakness of affected muscle

A

Gluteus maximus gait

73
Q

Nerve paralysis: Foot drop

A

Sciatic nerve/common peroneal

74
Q

Nerve paralysis: Compression due to posterior dislocation of femur

A

Sciatic nerve

75
Q

Most commonly compressed nerve roots of sciatic nerve

A

L5-S1

76
Q

Syndrome in which involved muscle places pressure and irritates the sciatic nerve causing pain in the buttocks and referred pain along course of sciatic nerve

A

Piriformis syndrome

77
Q

Pain that radiates down he back of thigh into lower back

A

Sciatica

78
Q

Nerve paralysis: Abscess of psoas major muscle

A

Femoral nerve

79
Q

Nerve paralysis: Pain and paresthesia in the skin of the medial aspect of the leg and foot

A

Saphenous nerve

80
Q

Nerve paralysis: Sites of injury, saphenous nerve

A

1) Surgical removal of saphenous vein

2) Lacerated as it pierces the wall of the adductor canal

81
Q

Obturator nerve is most commonly injured at the

A

Pelvis

82
Q

Nerve paralysis: Inability to adduct thigh at hip

A

Obturator nerve

83
Q

Nerve paralysis: Paresthesia at the medial thigh

A

Obturator nerve

84
Q

Femur: Normal neck shaft angle in young child

A

160 degrees

85
Q

Femur: Normal neck shaft angle in young adult

A

125 degrees

86
Q

Femur: Decreased neck shaft angle

A

Coxa vara

87
Q

Femur: Increased neck shaft angle

A

Coxa valga

88
Q

Femur: Fracture of shaft, position of proximal fragment

A

1) Flexed by iliopsoas
2) Abducted by gluteus medius
3) Laterally rotated by gluteus maximus

89
Q

Femur: Fracture of shaft, position of distal fragment

A

1) Pulled up by hamstrings and quadriceps

2) Adducted by adductor muscles

90
Q

Femur: Neck fracture, position of femur

A

1) Shortened
2) Pulled upward by quads, hamstrings, and adductors
3) Laterally rotated

91
Q

Subcapital vs trochanteric neck fracture: Elderly

A

Subcapital

92
Q

Subcapital vs trochanteric neck fracture: Young

A

Trochanteric

93
Q

Major blood supply to the femoral head

A

Medial femoral circumflex

94
Q

Most common direction of femoral head dislocation

A

Posterior

95
Q

Triceps surae muscles

A

1) Gastrocnemius

2) Soleus

96
Q

How many layers of muscle does the foot have

A

4

97
Q

All sole muscles are innervated by lateral plantar nerve except

A

???

98
Q

Dorsalis pedis artery pulse, landmark

A

Between the malleoli or 1st inter metatarsal space

99
Q

Posterior tibial artery pulse, between tendons of

A

FDL and FHL

100
Q

Lateral cutaneous nerve of leg is a branch of

A

Common peroneal nerve

101
Q

Superficial peroneal nerve of leg is a branch of

A

Common peroneal nerve

102
Q

Saphenous nerve is a branch of

A

Femoral nerve

103
Q

Muscles: Evert and plantar flex the foot

A

Peroneus muscles

104
Q

Muscles: Invert and plantar flex the foot

A

Tibialis muscles

105
Q

Nerve: Posterior compartment of leg

A

Tibial nerve

106
Q

Nerve: Lateral compartment of leg

A

Superficial peroneal

107
Q

Nerve: Anterior compartemtn of leg

A

Deep peroneal

108
Q

Nerve: Plantarflexion of foot

A

Tibial nerve

109
Q

Nerve: Eversion and plantar flexion of foot

A

Superficial peroneal

110
Q

Nerve: Dorsiflexion of foot

A

Deep peroneal

111
Q

Nerve paralysis: Can’t stand on tiptoes

A

Tibial nerve

112
Q

Most frequently injured nerve in the lower limb

A

Common peroneal

113
Q

Nerve paralysis: Compressed at neck of fibula

A

Common peroneal

114
Q

Nerve paralysis: Paresthesia of skin of webbed space between great toe and second toe

A

Deep peroneal

115
Q

Nerve paralysis: Steppage gait

A

Common peroneal

116
Q

Type of joint between femur and tibia

A

Synovial hinge

117
Q

Type of joint between patella and femur

A

Synovial gliding

118
Q

Nerve supply of knee joint

A

1) Femoral
2) Obturator
3) Common peroneal
4) Tibial

119
Q

Anterior vs posterior cruciate ligaments: Lax during flexion

A

ACL

120
Q

Anterior vs posterior cruciate ligaments: Lax during extension

A

PCL

121
Q

Anterior vs posterior cruciate ligaments: Prevents forward sliding of tibia on femur

A

ACL

122
Q

Anterior vs posterior cruciate ligaments: Prevents backward sliding of tibia on femur

A

PCL

123
Q

Terrible triad/Unhappy triad of O’ Donoghue

A

1) ACL
2) MCL
3) Medial meniscus

124
Q

Injury, MCL vs LCL: Forced abduction of tibia on femur

A

MCL

125
Q

Injury, MCL vs LCL: Forced adduction of tibia on femur

A

LCL

126
Q

Injury-affected structure/s: Blow to the lateral aspect of knee

A

1) MCL

2) Medial meniscus

127
Q

Injury-affected structure: Blow to anterior aspect of flexed knee

A

ACL

128
Q

Injury-affected structure: (+) anterior drawer sign

A

ACL

129
Q

Injury-affected structure: (+) posterior drawer sign

A

PCL

130
Q

Nerve supply of ankle joint (2)

A

1) Deep peroneal

2) Tibial

131
Q

Talipes calcaneovalgus vs equinovarus: Foot is dorsiflexed and everted

A

Calcaneovalgus

132
Q

Talipes calcaneovalgus vs equinovarus: Foot is plantar flexed and inverted

A

Equinovarus

133
Q

Aka clubfoot

A

Talipes

134
Q

Ultimate lymphatic drainage of lower limb

A

Deep inguinal nodes

Anatomy (20 decks)

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