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Anatomy > Cardiac anatomy, USMLE > Flashcards

Cardiac anatomy, USMLE Flashcards

1
Q

Gives rise to: ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

A

Truncus arteriosus

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2
Q

Gives rise to: smooth parts (outflow tract) of right and left ventricles

A

Bulbus cordis

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3
Q

Gives rise to: trabeculated left and right ventricles

A

Primitive ventricle

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4
Q

Gives rise to: trabeculated right and left atria

A

Primitive atria

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5
Q

Gives rise to: Coronary sinus

A

Left horn of sinus venosus

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6
Q

Gives rise to: Smooth part of right atrium

A

Right horn of sinus venosus

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7
Q

Failure of truncal and pulmonary ridges to spiral gives rise to

A

Transposition of great vessels

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8
Q

Skewed aorticopulmonary septum gives rise to

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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9
Q

Partial aorticopulmonary septum development gives rise to

A

Persistent truncus arteriosus

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10
Q

Components of TOF

A

PROVe

1) Pulmonary stenosis
2) Right ventricular hypertrophy (boot-shape)
3) Overriding of aorta
4) VSD

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11
Q

Aorticopulmonary septum fuses with muscular ventricular septum to form

A

Membranous interventricular septum

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12
Q

Endocardial cushion contributes to (3)

A

1) Atrial separation
2) Membranous interventricular septum
3) Separation of atria from ventricles

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13
Q

Foramen secundum is seen in

A

Septum primum

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14
Q

Foramen ovale is seen in

A

Septum secundum

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15
Q

Forms the valve of foramen ovale

A

Septum primum

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16
Q

Foramen ovale closes at birth due to

A

Increased LA pressure

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17
Q

Patent foramen ovale is caused by

A

Failure of septum primum and septum secundum to fuse at birth

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18
Q

Order of sources of fetal erythropoiesis

A

Young Liver Synthesizes Blood

1) Yolk sac
2) Liver
3) Spleen
4) Bone marrow

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19
Q

Start of erythropoiesis

A

3 weeks AOG

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20
Q

Start of BM erythropoiesis

A

22 weeks AOG

21
Q

3 shunts of the fetal circulation

A

1) Ductus venosus
2) Foramen ovale
3) Ductus arteriosus

22
Q

pO2 of blood in umbilical vein

A

~30 mmHg

23
Q

O2 sat of blood in umbilical vein

A

~80%

24
Q

Pulmonary vascular resistance at birth

A

Decrease

25
Q

Causes closure of foramen ovale at birth

A

Left atrial pressure > right atrial pressure

26
Q

Causes closure of ductus arteriosus at birth

A

Increase in O2 leads to decrease in prostaglandins

27
Q

Drug that helps close PDA

A

Indomethacin

28
Q

Substances that keep PDA open (2)

A

1) PGE1

2) PGE2

29
Q

Fetal-postnatal derivative: Umbilical vein

A

Ligamentum teres hepatis

30
Q

Fetal-postnatal derivative: UmbilicaL artery

A

MediaL umbilical ligament

31
Q

Fetal-postnatal derivative: Ductus arteriosus

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

32
Q

Fetal-postnatal derivative: Ductus venosus

A

Ligamentum venosum

33
Q

Fetal-postnatal derivative: Foramen ovale

A

Fossa ovalis

34
Q

Fetal-postnatal derivative: AllaNtois

A

Urachus-mediaN umbilical ligament

35
Q

Notochord

A

Nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc

36
Q

Major blood vessels of the heart

A

1) RCA
2) Acute marginal
3) PD/interventricular
4) Left main coronary
5) Left LAD
6) LCX
7) Left marginal

37
Q

Blood vessel that supplies SA and AV nodes

A

RCA

38
Q

Determines right-dominance or left-dominance

A

Origin of PD

39
Q

Origin of PD: Right-dominant circulation

A

RCA

40
Q

Origin of PD: Left-dominant circulation

A

LCX

41
Q

%: Right-dominant circulation

A

85

42
Q

%: Left-dominant circulation

A

8

43
Q

%: Codominant

A

7

44
Q

Most common site of coronary artery occlusion

A

LAD

45
Q

Phase of cardiac cycle where coronary arteries fill

A

Diastole

46
Q

Most posterior part of the heart

A

Left atrium

47
Q

LA enlargement can cause (2)

A

1) Dysphagia (esophagus)

2) Hoarseness (left recurrent laryngeal nerve)

48
Q

Uses of transesophageal echo (3)

A

Diagnosis of

1) Left atrial enlargement
2) Aortic dissection
3) Thoracic aortic aneurysm

Anatomy (20 decks)

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