Renal

Question 1

Largest size of a kidney stone you should let pass on its own?

Answer 1

4mm

Question 2

Type 1 RTA: 
mc cause? 
whats wrong? 
K status? 
tx?

Answer 2

cause: Li
prob: cannot secrete H+
hypOkalemia
tx: give HCO3-, give K+

Question 3

Type 2 RTA: 
mc cause? 
whats wrong? 
K status? 
tx?

Answer 3

cause: Multiple Myeloma
prob: cannot reabsorb HCO3-
hypOkalemia
tx: give K+, give a mild diuretic

Question 4

Type 4 RTA: 
mc cause? 
whats wrong? 
K status? 
tx?

Answer 4

cause: DM
prob: hypERrenin, hypOaldosterone
hypERkalemia
tx: give fludracortisone

Question 5

Most common nephrotic disease in children?

Microscopic changes?

Tx?

Answer 5

Minimal Change Disease

Fusion of foot processes

Steroids

Question 6

Most common nephrotic disease in adults?

Microscopic changes?

Answer 6

Membranous

Thick capsular walls w/ subepithelial spikes

Question 7

Nephrotic disease w/ heroin use and HIV?

Microscopic changes?

Tx?

Answer 7

Focal Segmental

Mesangial IgA deposits

Steroids limited response

Question 8

Nephrotic disease w/ chronic hepatitis and low complement?

Microscopic changes?

Answer 8

Membranoproliferative

Tram track basement membrane w/ subendothelial deposits

Question 9

Nephrotic patient suddenly develops flank pain?

Next best step?

Answer 9

Renal Vein Thrombosis - peeing out ATIII, protein C and Protein S

Do CT or US stat

Question 10

periorbital edema, hematuria, oliguria

Answer 10

Post-Strep glomerulonephritis

remember it can be from strep throat OR SKIN INFXN

Question 11

Complications of CKD

Answer 11

mc cause of death = heart disease

HTN, Fluid retention (2/2 hyperladosterone)

EPO loss, so normochromic normocytic anemia

high K, high PO4, low Ca (can cause 2ndary hyperPTH, bc kidney cant keep Ca and cant lose PO4)

high PO4 can cause calcium skin deposition

high urea causes platelet dysfunction