Renal Flashcards
ADH
H20 reabsorption
Aldosterone
Na reabsorption
K excretion
Hypokalemia
hypo-osmolarity
insulin
alkalosis
Hyperkalemia
hyperosmolarity
insulin def
acidosis
lysis of cells
Metabolic Acidosis
decrease PCO2
decreased bicarb
immediate compensation - hyperventilate
Metabolic Alkalosis
increase PCO2, increase bicarb
immediate compensation - hypoventilate
Respiratory acidosis
increased PCO2, increase HCO3
delayed - renal bicarb reapsorption
Respiratory alkalosis
decreased PCO2, HCo3
delayed decreased bicarb reabsorption
RBC casts
Glomerulonephritis
WBC casts
pyelonephritis
transplant rejection
Fatty cats/oval fat bodies
nephrotic syndrome
Granular/muddy brown casts
ATN
Waxy casts
advanced renal disease/chronic renal failure
hyaline casts
nonspecifc
Minimal Change Disease
young
effacement of foot processes
Prerenal Azotemia
Urine Osm >500
Urine Na 20
FeNa 20
Intrinsic Renal Azotemia
Urine Osm 40
FeNa >2%
Bun/CR <15
Postrenal Azotemia
40 Urine Na
>1-2% FeNa
Bun/Cr > 15
increased anion gap
MUDPILES
methanol, uremia, DK, propylene glycol, iron tables or INH, lactic acidosis, ethylene glcol, salicylates
Decreased Anion Gap
HARD-ASS
hyperalimnetation, addison’s disease, RTA, diarrhea, acetazolamide, sprionlactone, saline infusion
Metabolic Alkalosis Causes
loop diuretics
vomiting
antacid use
hyperaldosteronism
C-ANCA
anti-proteinase 3 antibodies
Wegners/GPA
P-ANCA
anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies
Churg Strauss
polyangiits
Anti-GBM Antibodies
Good Pastures
def of von Willebrand factor cleaving protease
TTP
bladder cancer
older patient
smoker
microscopic hematuria
Renal Cell Carcinoma
hematuria, flank pain
high HCT/Ca
left sided variocele
fever
Nephrolithiasis
Flank pain
can’t sit still
hematuria
Membranous Nephropathy
granular casts
oval fat bodies
nodules in lung
Minimal Change Disease
NS, young person
fusion of foot processes
solid tumor or Hep B
membranous nepropathy
Membranoprolifative GN
NS, nephritis
Hep C
Focal Collapsing segmental glomerulosclerosis
HIV untreated
NS