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Integrative Week Two > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

ADH

A

H20 reabsorption

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2
Q

Aldosterone

A

Na reabsorption

K excretion

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3
Q

Hypokalemia

A

hypo-osmolarity
insulin
alkalosis

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4
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

hyperosmolarity
insulin def
acidosis
lysis of cells

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5
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

decrease PCO2
decreased bicarb
immediate compensation - hyperventilate

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6
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

A

increase PCO2, increase bicarb

immediate compensation - hypoventilate

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7
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

increased PCO2, increase HCO3

delayed - renal bicarb reapsorption

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8
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A

decreased PCO2, HCo3

delayed decreased bicarb reabsorption

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9
Q

RBC casts

A

Glomerulonephritis

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10
Q

WBC casts

A

pyelonephritis

transplant rejection

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11
Q

Fatty cats/oval fat bodies

A

nephrotic syndrome

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12
Q

Granular/muddy brown casts

A

ATN

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13
Q

Waxy casts

A

advanced renal disease/chronic renal failure

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14
Q

hyaline casts

A

nonspecifc

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15
Q

Minimal Change Disease

A

young

effacement of foot processes

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16
Q

Prerenal Azotemia

A

Urine Osm >500
Urine Na 20
FeNa 20

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17
Q

Intrinsic Renal Azotemia

A

Urine Osm 40
FeNa >2%
Bun/CR <15

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18
Q

Postrenal Azotemia

A

40 Urine Na
>1-2% FeNa
Bun/Cr > 15

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19
Q

increased anion gap

A

MUDPILES

methanol, uremia, DK, propylene glycol, iron tables or INH, lactic acidosis, ethylene glcol, salicylates

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20
Q

Decreased Anion Gap

A

HARD-ASS

hyperalimnetation, addison’s disease, RTA, diarrhea, acetazolamide, sprionlactone, saline infusion

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21
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis Causes

A

loop diuretics
vomiting
antacid use
hyperaldosteronism

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22
Q

C-ANCA

A

anti-proteinase 3 antibodies

Wegners/GPA

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23
Q

P-ANCA

A

anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies
Churg Strauss
polyangiits

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24
Q

Anti-GBM Antibodies

A

Good Pastures

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25
Q

def of von Willebrand factor cleaving protease

A

TTP

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26
Q

bladder cancer

A

older patient
smoker
microscopic hematuria

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27
Q

Renal Cell Carcinoma

A

hematuria, flank pain
high HCT/Ca
left sided variocele
fever

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28
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

Flank pain
can’t sit still
hematuria

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29
Q

Membranous Nephropathy

A

granular casts
oval fat bodies
nodules in lung

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30
Q

Minimal Change Disease

A

NS, young person

fusion of foot processes

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31
Q

solid tumor or Hep B

A

membranous nepropathy

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32
Q

Membranoprolifative GN

A

NS, nephritis

Hep C

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33
Q

Focal Collapsing segmental glomerulosclerosis

A

HIV untreated

NS

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34
Q

Renal Vein Thrombosis

A

NS
flank pain/hematuria
loss of clotting factors

35
Q

Wilm’s Tumor

A

deletion of 11p
hematuria
palpable mass in right flank

36
Q

Trastuzumab

A

Her2/neu

37
Q

Aniridia and hemihypertrophy

A

Wilms

38
Q

Neuroblastoma

A

neural crest tumor

elevated urine vanillylmadelic acid

39
Q

Nonseminoma

A

swollen left testicle
high alpha-fetoprotein
B-HCG

40
Q

CA 125

A

ovarian cancer

41
Q

urge incontinence

A

detrustor muscle hyperactivity

42
Q

overflow incontinence

A

sacral lower motor neuron dysfunction

43
Q

stress incontinence

A

loss of ureterovesicular angle with vaginal atrophy

44
Q

adnexal and cervical motion tenderness

A

PID

45
Q

vaginal yeast

A

ph <4.5

white discharge

46
Q

painless, indurated, clean base

A

syphilis

T. pallidum

47
Q

deep, purulent ulcer

tender adenopathy

A

Chancroid

H. ducreyi

48
Q

Multiple shallow ulcers

painful

A

Herpes, HSV2

49
Q

Proctitis
tender draining inguinal LN
anorectal ulcers

A

lymphogranuloma vereuaum (C. trachomatis 1-3)

50
Q

Jarish-Herxhemier reaction

A

massive cytokine release as spirochetes are killed

hypotension, fever

51
Q

clue cell

A

bacterial vaginosis

52
Q

hyphae

A

candida

53
Q

ethylene glycol poisoning

A

elevated K
low bicarb
oxalate crystals

54
Q

Symptoms of Prerenal Azotemia

A

vomitting, diarrhea

FeNa<10

55
Q

Rhabdomyolysis

A 
muscle breakdown (statins, seizure, trauma)
large blood, 0 RBC
56
Q

ATN

A

hypotension
muddy brown casts
epitherlial cells
urine sodium elevated

57
Q

Atheroembolic Disease

A

post cardiac cath
livedo reticularis
eosinophils

58
Q

AIN

A

PCN/NSAID use
urine or serum eos
WBC casts

59
Q

Post-infectious GN

A

post pharyngitis
AKI
RBC Casts, low C3, normal C4

60
Q

Goodpasture’s

A

pulmonary sx, AKI
RBC casts, normal C3, C4
anti-GBM, type II hypersensitivity

61
Q

Wegner’s

A

cANCA
pulm sx, sinus sx/nasal polyps
AKI, RBC casts

62
Q

IgA nephropathy

A

recurrent hematuria with viral infections

IgA mesangial deposition

63
Q

Alports

A

boy, hearing loss, ocular findings, hematuria

64
Q

Urge incontinence symptoms

A

freuqent need to go

incomplete voiding

65
Q

Stress incontinence symptoms

A

loss of continence with cough/sneeze

66
Q

Overflow incontinence symptoms

A

contiuous leakage, neurodysfunction (MS, DM)

67
Q

functional incontinence

A

older person, dementia, debilitated

68
Q

Primary Syphilis

A

painless ulcer

69
Q

Secondary Syphilis

A

rash (esp. palms), fever, LAN

70
Q

Tertiary Syphilis

A

tabes dorsalis
Argyll Robertson pupil
aortitis
gummas

71
Q

Jarisch-Herxheimer symptosm

A

fever, hypotension, rigors

72
Q

Chylamydia gram stain

A

gram negative

coccoid/rod

73
Q

Gonorrhea gram stain

A

gram negative diplococci

74
Q

staghorn calculus

A

urease producing

proteus or klebsiella

75
Q

multiple kidney cysts

A

ADPKD
berry anuerysms
ARPKD in kids

76
Q

Testicular torsion

A

sudden onset testicular pain

no better with elevation

77
Q

Tumor lysis syndrome

A

AKI post Rx for lymphoma
ALL
high uric acid, phosphate, k

78
Q

Drugs that Cause ATN

A

aminoglysides

vancomycin

79
Q

AIN Drugs

A

penicillins, NSAIDS

80
Q

cyclophosphamide

A

hemorrhagic cystitis

81
Q

older man, URI, acute urinary obstruction

A

cold med

anticholinergics/diphenhydramine

82
Q

treatment for BPH

A

finasteride

tamsulosin

83
Q

finasteride

A

5 alpha reductase inhibitor

84
Q

tamsulosin

A

alpha blocker

Integrative Week Two (17 decks)

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