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Integrative Week Two > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

ADH

A

H20 reabsorption

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2
Q

Aldosterone

A

Na reabsorption

K excretion

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3
Q

Hypokalemia

A

hypo-osmolarity
insulin
alkalosis

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4
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

hyperosmolarity
insulin def
acidosis
lysis of cells

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5
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

decrease PCO2
decreased bicarb
immediate compensation - hyperventilate

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6
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

A

increase PCO2, increase bicarb

immediate compensation - hypoventilate

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7
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

increased PCO2, increase HCO3

delayed - renal bicarb reapsorption

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8
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A

decreased PCO2, HCo3

delayed decreased bicarb reabsorption

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9
Q

RBC casts

A

Glomerulonephritis

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10
Q

WBC casts

A

pyelonephritis

transplant rejection

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11
Q

Fatty cats/oval fat bodies

A

nephrotic syndrome

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12
Q

Granular/muddy brown casts

A

ATN

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13
Q

Waxy casts

A

advanced renal disease/chronic renal failure

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14
Q

hyaline casts

A

nonspecifc

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15
Q

Minimal Change Disease

A

young

effacement of foot processes

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16
Q

Prerenal Azotemia

A

Urine Osm >500
Urine Na 20
FeNa 20

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17
Q

Intrinsic Renal Azotemia

A

Urine Osm 40
FeNa >2%
Bun/CR <15

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18
Q

Postrenal Azotemia

A

40 Urine Na
>1-2% FeNa
Bun/Cr > 15

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19
Q

increased anion gap

A

MUDPILES

methanol, uremia, DK, propylene glycol, iron tables or INH, lactic acidosis, ethylene glcol, salicylates

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20
Q

Decreased Anion Gap

A

HARD-ASS

hyperalimnetation, addison’s disease, RTA, diarrhea, acetazolamide, sprionlactone, saline infusion

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21
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis Causes

A

loop diuretics
vomiting
antacid use
hyperaldosteronism

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22
Q

C-ANCA

A

anti-proteinase 3 antibodies

Wegners/GPA

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23
Q

P-ANCA

A

anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies
Churg Strauss
polyangiits

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24
Q

Anti-GBM Antibodies

A

Good Pastures

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25
def of von Willebrand factor cleaving protease
TTP
26
bladder cancer
older patient smoker microscopic hematuria
27
Renal Cell Carcinoma
hematuria, flank pain high HCT/Ca left sided variocele fever
28
Nephrolithiasis
Flank pain can't sit still hematuria
29
Membranous Nephropathy
granular casts oval fat bodies nodules in lung
30
Minimal Change Disease
NS, young person | fusion of foot processes
31
solid tumor or Hep B
membranous nepropathy
32
Membranoprolifative GN
NS, nephritis | Hep C
33
Focal Collapsing segmental glomerulosclerosis
HIV untreated | NS
34
Renal Vein Thrombosis
NS flank pain/hematuria loss of clotting factors
35
Wilm's Tumor
deletion of 11p hematuria palpable mass in right flank
36
Trastuzumab
Her2/neu
37
Aniridia and hemihypertrophy
Wilms
38
Neuroblastoma
neural crest tumor | elevated urine vanillylmadelic acid
39
Nonseminoma
swollen left testicle high alpha-fetoprotein B-HCG
40
CA 125
ovarian cancer
41
urge incontinence
detrustor muscle hyperactivity
42
overflow incontinence
sacral lower motor neuron dysfunction
43
stress incontinence
loss of ureterovesicular angle with vaginal atrophy
44
adnexal and cervical motion tenderness
PID
45
vaginal yeast
ph <4.5 | white discharge
46
painless, indurated, clean base
syphilis | T. pallidum
47
deep, purulent ulcer | tender adenopathy
Chancroid | H. ducreyi
48
Multiple shallow ulcers | painful
Herpes, HSV2
49
Proctitis tender draining inguinal LN anorectal ulcers
lymphogranuloma vereuaum (C. trachomatis 1-3)
50
Jarish-Herxhemier reaction
massive cytokine release as spirochetes are killed | hypotension, fever
51
clue cell
bacterial vaginosis
52
hyphae
candida
53
ethylene glycol poisoning
elevated K low bicarb oxalate crystals
54
Symptoms of Prerenal Azotemia
vomitting, diarrhea | FeNa<10
55
Rhabdomyolysis
``` muscle breakdown (statins, seizure, trauma) large blood, 0 RBC ```
56
ATN
hypotension muddy brown casts epitherlial cells urine sodium elevated
57
Atheroembolic Disease
post cardiac cath livedo reticularis eosinophils
58
AIN
PCN/NSAID use urine or serum eos WBC casts
59
Post-infectious GN
post pharyngitis AKI RBC Casts, low C3, normal C4
60
Goodpasture's
pulmonary sx, AKI RBC casts, normal C3, C4 anti-GBM, type II hypersensitivity
61
Wegner's
cANCA pulm sx, sinus sx/nasal polyps AKI, RBC casts
62
IgA nephropathy
recurrent hematuria with viral infections | IgA mesangial deposition
63
Alports
boy, hearing loss, ocular findings, hematuria
64
Urge incontinence symptoms
freuqent need to go | incomplete voiding
65
Stress incontinence symptoms
loss of continence with cough/sneeze
66
Overflow incontinence symptoms
contiuous leakage, neurodysfunction (MS, DM)
67
functional incontinence
older person, dementia, debilitated
68
Primary Syphilis
painless ulcer
69
Secondary Syphilis
rash (esp. palms), fever, LAN
70
Tertiary Syphilis
tabes dorsalis Argyll Robertson pupil aortitis gummas
71
Jarisch-Herxheimer symptosm
fever, hypotension, rigors
72
Chylamydia gram stain
gram negative | coccoid/rod
73
Gonorrhea gram stain
gram negative diplococci
74
staghorn calculus
urease producing | proteus or klebsiella
75
multiple kidney cysts
ADPKD berry anuerysms ARPKD in kids
76
Testicular torsion
sudden onset testicular pain | no better with elevation
77
Tumor lysis syndrome
AKI post Rx for lymphoma ALL high uric acid, phosphate, k
78
Drugs that Cause ATN
aminoglysides | vancomycin
79
AIN Drugs
penicillins, NSAIDS
80
cyclophosphamide
hemorrhagic cystitis
81
older man, URI, acute urinary obstruction
cold med | anticholinergics/diphenhydramine
82
treatment for BPH
finasteride | tamsulosin
83
finasteride
5 alpha reductase inhibitor
84
tamsulosin
alpha blocker

Integrative Week Two (17 decks)

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