Renal 2

Question 1

ATN

• history
• labs
• casts

Answer 1

follows hypovolemic shock

Uosm 300-350
UNa greater than 20
FeNa greater than 2

muddy brown casts

Question 2

casts in chronic renal failure

Answer 2

broad casts

waxy casts

Question 3

fatty casts

Answer 3

nephrotic syndrome

Question 4

RBC casts

Answer 4

glomerulonephritis

Question 5

WBC casts

Answer 5

interstitial nephritis

pyelonephritis

Question 6

for oxalate stones, reduce intake of

Answer 6

vitamin C

Question 7

cystinuria involves defective transport of

Answer 7

cystine
ornithine
arginine
lysine

Question 8

cyanide nitroprusside test positive

Answer 8

cystinuria

Question 9

mixed cryoglobulinemia sxs and associated infection

Answer 9

proteinuria
hematuria
palpable purpura

Hep C

Question 10

rheumatoid arthritis or IBD with proteinuria…

Answer 10

amyloidosis

Question 11

indications for suprapubic cath

Answer 11

urethral cath isn’t possible

• urethral strictures
• severely enlarged prostate

Question 12

UTI with alkaline urine

Answer 12

proteus

Question 13

differential for papillary necrosis

Answer 13

NSAID
Sickle cell
Analgesic abuse
Infection (pyelonephritis)
Diabetes

Question 14

labs of SIADH

Answer 14

Sosm less than 270
urine osmol greater than serum osmol
UNa greater than 20
giving NS makes urine sodium excretion increase, but keeps serum sodium the same

Question 15

preferred imaging for ureteral stone

Answer 15

US or non contrast spiral CT

Question 16

lupus: 2 kidney diseases and characteristics

Answer 16

lupus nephritis: decreased C3 and C4

membranous glomerulonephritis: immune complexes in subepithelial space

Question 17

what predisposes you to calcium phosphate stones

Answer 17

primary hyperparathyroidism

RTA

Question 18

what predisposes you to uric acid stones

Answer 18

increased cell turnover

dehydration

Question 19

what predisposes you to calcium oxalate stones, and mechanism

Answer 19

small bowel dz
surgical resection
chronic diarrhea

malabsorption of fatty acids and bile salts.. increases reabs of oxalic acid

Question 20

treatment of RTA

Answer 20

oral bicarb replacement

Question 21

metabolic derangements in RTA 4

Answer 21

hyperkalemic
hyperchloremic
metabolic acidosis
(opposite of pyloric stenosis!)

Question 22

CAH associated with what RTA

Answer 22

RTA 4

Question 23

autoimmune disorders associated with what RTA

Answer 23

RTA 1

Question 24

complication of nephrotic syndrome, especially membranous glomerulonephropathy, and what are the symptoms

Answer 24

retinal vein thrombosis

• abd pain
• fever
• hematuria

Question 25

lymphoma causes what nephrotic syndrome

Answer 25

minimal change disease

Question 26

NSAIDs cause what nephrotic syndrome

Answer 26

minimal change disease

membranous nephropathy

Question 27

lupus causes what nephrotic syndrome

Answer 27

membranous nephropathy

Question 28

adenocarcinoma causes what nephrotic syndrome

Answer 28

membranous nephropathy

Question 29

characteristics of hepatorenal syndrome, and treatment

Answer 29

decr GFR
incr creatinine
no response to fluids

liver transplant

Question 30

when do you use gentamicin for UTI

Answer 30

combination therapy for severe infxn or resistant / hospital acquired infection