Renal Flashcards
Mostly extracellular ions
Sodium
Chloride
Bicarbonate
Mostly intracellular ions
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
Na is essential for which type of pressure?
Osmotic
Diffusion vs osmosis
Diffusion is always along a concentration gradient
Hydrostatic vs oncotic
Opposing pressures, near equivalent
Which pressure is directly related to BP?
Hydrostatic pressure
What determines colloid osmotic pressure?
Serum protein concentration
-facilitates reabsorption of water, solutes and waste
What causes reabsorption in lymphatic vessels?
Net filtration is higher than net reabsorption
What happens if hydrostatic pressure is high?
Edema
What happens if oncotic pressure is low?
Edema
What does potassium rely on for excretion?
Kidneys….
Ways of K movement in the cell
Na/K ATPase
Leak channels to maintain RMP
K+ and H+ exchange (blood pH)
Electrolyte that consistently leaks out of the cell (somewhat like H20)
Potassium via leak channels for RMP
Causes of hypokalemia
Malnutrition
GI loss
Loop/thiazide diuretics
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Alkalosis
What causes hyperkalemia?
Excessive intake
Renal failure
Acidosis
Trauma
Drug induced
Addison
Extreme exercise
Regulation of sodium concentrations
Circulating Volume and PRESSURE
Causes of hypernatremia
Watery diarrhea
Excessive sweating
Excessive intake
Causes of hyponatremia
SIADH
Hypothyroidism
Polydipsia
Addison disease
Where is most of Ca?
BONES
When does ionized calcium increase?
Acidosis
Symptoms of Hypercalcemia
Back Me
Bone pain
Arrhythmias
Cardiac arrest
Kidney stones
Muscle weakness
Excessive urination
Hypocalcemia symptoms
Cats
Convulsions
Arrhythmias
Tetany
Spasms
Primary function of kidneys and % cardiac output
Filter blood, and selective resorption of ions and excretion of waste products
22-25%
Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
In terms of Vitamin D
Bowman’s capsule
High pressure between two arterioles
Filtration relies on
ADH and parathyroid hormone and their impacts on resorption? …
Make this, he said it was important
Afferent arteriole of kidney has what that respond to fuild changes?
Baroreceptor
RAAS is primarily regulated by…
by Baroreceptors in the afferent arteriole
Macula densa
In distal convoluted tubule
Has chemoreceptors that regulate sodium
Why do we get fluid retention in HF?
Kidneys want pressure so they upregulate the RAAS system and we get fluid retention
What do NSAIDs do?
Afferent arteriole vasoconstriction
=decreased kidney perfusion
