Acute Inflammation

Question 1

Cardinal signs of inflammation (5)

Answer 1

Redness
Swelling
Heat
Pain
Loss of function

Question 2

Phases of inflammation

Answer 2

Trigger
Mediated response
Vascular phase
Cellular phase

Question 3

Four things that cause tissue injury

Answer 3

Trauma
Necrosis
Tumors
Physical/chemical

Question 4

DAMPs

Answer 4

Damage associated molecular pattern

Endogenous substances released from damaged or dying cells
Uric acid
MtDNA
Fibrin
Histones

Question 5

Inflammatory mediators

Answer 5

Arachidonic acid
Cytokines
Vasoactive peptides
Phospholipid mediators

Question 6

Phospholipid mediators

Answer 6

Line blood vessels?

Question 7

Nitric oxide actions (2)

Answer 7

Vasodilator

Antagonizes platelet aggregation

Question 8

Role of leukotrienes

Answer 8

Cause bronchoconstriction
Asthma attacks
Smooth muscle contraction

Increases blood vessel permeability

Question 9

Thromboxane

Answer 9

Cause platelet aggregation

Question 10

Arachidonic acid pathways (2)

Answer 10

Cox-1/cox2=prostaglandin/thromboxane/prostacyclin

5-lipooxygenase pathway=leukotrienes

Question 11

Kallikrein-kinin pathway

Answer 11

Activated by vascular damage

Release of factor XIIa-which leads to plasmin and fibrin

Other pathway involves prekallikrein and production of bradykinin

Question 12

Bradykinin

Answer 12

Vasodilation
increases permeability
increases pain-upregulates nociceptors
Smooth muscle constriction

Question 13

Vasodilation and permeability

Answer 13

Increases endothelial gaps

Question 14

Margin action

Answer 14

WBCs move toward edge of the blood vessels to get closer to the p-selectins

Question 15

P-selectin

Answer 15

P-selectin is a membrane glycoprotein that’s stored in platelets and endothelial cells. When activated during an inflammatory response, P-selectin is rapidly expressed on the surfaces of these cells. P-selectin helps leukocytes and platelets stick to the endothelium,

Question 16

Vascular adhesion molecules

Answer 16

VCAM-1

These molecules facilitate the rolling, adhesion and migration of leukocytes across the endothelial barrier

Question 17

Last step of vascular phase (of inflammation)

Answer 17

WBCs pass through to the extravascular space

Figure out what the name for this phase is…

Question 18

Chemotaxis gradient

Answer 18

How our WBCs know where to go…

Migrate toward a higher concentration of cytokines

Question 19

Steps in tissue repair

Answer 19

Debride

Angiogenesis & collagen production

Healthy tissue and fibrous scar

Question 20

Vascular phase

Answer 20

How do you get the WBCs and other mediators of inflammation out of the vasculature