Genetics

Question 1

Codon

Answer 1

Three nucleotides that signal beginning of protein

Question 2

Transcription

Answer 2

DNA-RNA

Question 3

Translation

Answer 3

RNA-protein

Question 4

Haploid

Answer 4

Half a set (n)

Question 5

Diploid

Answer 5

Full set (2n)

Question 6

Karyotype

Answer 6

Visual depiction of chromosomes within the body

Longest to shortest chromosome

Question 7

Telomere

Answer 7

Shorten with time and divisions

Protects end of chromosome from fraying and tangling

Replicated sinescense? The end of replication when telomere shortens

Question 8

Cytogenetic location

Answer 8

7 q 31 2

7-chromosome number
Q- arm (p or q)
31- region
2- band

(Distance from centromere)

Question 9

Is q arm of chromosome short or long?

Answer 9

Long

Question 10

Nucleotide polymorphisms

Answer 10

One nucleotide change changes phenotype?

Question 11

SNP

Answer 11

Single nucleotide polymorphism

Question 12

DNA polymerase

Answer 12

Involved in proofreading sequence

Question 13

Endonuclease

Answer 13

DNA scissors that cut out bases and allow polymerase to replace it with correct base

Question 14

Nucleotide excision repair

Answer 14

(NER)
Ex. Thymine-thymine dimer distorts the DNA backbone

Cuts out 12 nucleotides upstream and downstream of kink

Question 15

Aneusomy

Answer 15

Abnormal number of chromosomes

Question 16

Non-disjunction

Answer 16

Unequal separation of genetic components during cellular replication

Question 17

Aneuploidy vs aneusomy

Answer 17

Aneuploidy- extra chromosome per set of chromosome (3 or 4 sets)

Aneusomy- only one or two chromosomes have an extra

Question 18

Silent mutations

Answer 18

Change in one base pair that does not change the end product

Question 19

Frameshift

Answer 19

Insertion or deletion that is not divisible by three that shifts the reading frame

Question 20

What us an example of a codominant trait?

Answer 20

ABO blood type

Question 21

BLANK-mutation involves the insertion or
deletion of nucleotides not divisible by three.

Answer 21

Frame

Question 22

Epi genetics

Answer 22

How does our environment impact our gene expression?

Question 23

DNA Methylation

Answer 23

Placing CH3 between C and G that turns off the gene

Question 24

Histone modification

Answer 24

Acetyl group relaxes the histone group making the DNA accessible to transcription factors
From heterochromatin to euchromatin

Question 25

MicroRNA??

Answer 25

wtf does it do