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PHARM 204 (Final) > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

What covers Left Anterior Kidney

A
  • Spleen, Stomach, Pancreas
  • Left Colic Flexure, Jejunum
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2
Q

What covers Right Anterior Kidney

A
  • Liver
  • RIght Colic Flexure, Duodenum
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3
Q

What’s Higher Left or Right Kidney?

A

Left Kidney

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4
Q

Layers of Connective Tissue that protect Kidney

A

Fibrous Capsule
Perinephric Fat
Renal Fascia

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5
Q

Parts of Kidney

A

Renal Cortex
Renal Medulla
Kidney Lobe
Renal Pelvis

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6
Q

What makes up the Renal Medulla

A

Renal Pyramids
Renal Papillae
Renal Columns

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7
Q

What makes up the Renal Lobes

A

Renal Pyramids
Overlying Renal Cortex
Adjacent Renal Columns

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8
Q

What makes up the Renal Pelvis

A

Minor Calyx
Major Calyx

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9
Q

Kidney Blood Supply Before Filtration

A

Renal Artery
Segmental Arteries
Interlobar Arteries
Arcuate Arteries
Cortical Radiate Arteries
Afferent Arterioles
Glomerular Capillaries

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10
Q

Kidney Blood Supply After Filtration

A

Glomerular Capillaries
Efferent Arterioles
Peritubular Capillaries
Venules
Cortical Radiate Veins
Arcuate Veins
Interlobar Veins
Renal Veins
*NO SEGMENTAL VEINS

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11
Q

Vascular Pole

A

Afferent Arteriole and Efferent Arteriole

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12
Q

Renal Corpusle

A

Glomerular Capillaries (Glomerulus)
Glomerular Capsule (Bowman’s Capsule)

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13
Q

Glomerular Capsule Layers

A

Capsular Outer Layer (Parietal Layer)
- Squamous Cells, continuous with PCT

Visceral Layer
- Epithelial lining of glomerular capillaries

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14
Q

Renal Corpuscle Filtration Layers

A

Endothelial Surface Layer
Glomerular Capillary Endothelium
Basement Membrane
Glomerular Epithelium
Sub Podocyte Space

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15
Q

Endothelial Surface Layer

A

Thick meshwork
- Limits filtration of large plasma proteins

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16
Q

Glomerular Capillary Endothelium

A

Fenestrated, small openings
Too small for blood to pass through

17
Q

What substance are found in filtrate

A

Water, ions
Small organic molecules (Glucose, Fatty Acids, Amino Acids, Vitamins)

18
Q

What makes up the Renal Tubule

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCL)
Nephron Loop
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCL)

19
Q

Where does PCL begin? What is the lining

A

Tubular Poles

Simple Cuboidal containing microvilli

20
Q

Where does filtrate from Renal Tubule go

A

DCL empties into collecting system
- Collecting Tubules from several nephrons all lead to a common collecting duct

Collecting Duct leads to Papillary Duct

21
Q

Where does urine from Papillary Duct go

A

Papillary Duct –> Minor Calyx –> Major Calyx

Urine then leaves kidneys via urinary tract

22
Q

Where does urine from Urinary Tract go

A

Ureter –> Urinary Bladder –> Urethra

23
Q

Types of Nephrons

A

Cortical Nephron (Dominant)
- Short Nephron Loop

Juxtamedullary Nephron
- Long Nephron Loop

24
Q

Function of Nephron

A
  • Creating concentrated urine from eliminated waste
  • Reabsorbing useful material and water
25
Q

Descending Limb

A

Water leaves and enters bloodstream

Simple Squamous Epithelium

26
Q

Ascending Limb

A

Impermeable to Water
Pumps ions

Simple Squamous Epithelium

27
Q

Vasa Recta

A

Capillaries around nephron loop

28
Q

Juxtaglomerular Complex produces what hormones

A

Renin (BP Regulation)
Erythropoietin (RBC Production)

29
Q

When is filtrate considered urine

A

When it leaves the kidney
–> When it is in the Minor Calyx

30
Q

Collecting System Epithelium

A

Collecting Tubules: Simple Cuboidal
Papillary Duct: Simple Columnar

31
Q

Describe movement of urine starting from papillary duct

A

Minor Calyx –> Major Calyx –> Drains into renal pelvis –> Drains into ureters

Exits Kidney at Hilum
–> Extends to urinary bladder

32
Q

Layer of Ureters

A

Inner Mucosa (Transitional Epithelium)
Middle Muscular Layer (Smooth Muscle)
Adventia (External)

33
Q

Location of Urinary Bladder

A

Males: Between Rectum and Symphysis Pubis

Females: Inferior to uterus, Anterior to Vagina

34
Q

Male Urethra

A

Different Regions
- Prostatic Urethra: Prostate

  • Membranous Urethra
    Short segment that goes through pelvic cavity
  • Spongy Urethra
    Penis
35
Q

Female Urethra

A

Shorter than males

Anterior to Vagina

36
Q

What ureter sphincter do we control?

A

External Urethral Sphincter

37
Q

Urine Storage Reflex

A

Urine storage increases sympathetic activity
- Inhibits Detrusor Muscle
- Stimulates contraction of internal and external urethral sphincters

Urine does not leave

38
Q

Urine Voiding Reflex

A

Stretch-Activated Spinal reflexes stimulate -

Parasympathetic Activity
- Detrusor Contracts
- Internal Urethral Sphincter relaxes

Decreases Sympathetic Activity
- Internal Urethral Sphincter relaxes

39
Q

Is Urine Voiding Voluntary or Unvoluntary

A

Voluntary Reflex

PHARM 204 (Final) (14 decks)

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