Renal

Question 1

What covers Left Anterior Kidney

Answer 1

• Spleen, Stomach, Pancreas
• Left Colic Flexure, Jejunum

Question 2

What covers Right Anterior Kidney

Answer 2

• Liver
• RIght Colic Flexure, Duodenum

Question 3

What’s Higher Left or Right Kidney?

Answer 3

Left Kidney

Question 4

Layers of Connective Tissue that protect Kidney

Answer 4

Fibrous Capsule
Perinephric Fat
Renal Fascia

Question 5

Parts of Kidney

Answer 5

Renal Cortex
Renal Medulla
Kidney Lobe
Renal Pelvis

Question 6

What makes up the Renal Medulla

Answer 6

Renal Pyramids
Renal Papillae
Renal Columns

Question 7

What makes up the Renal Lobes

Answer 7

Renal Pyramids
Overlying Renal Cortex
Adjacent Renal Columns

Question 8

What makes up the Renal Pelvis

Answer 8

Minor Calyx
Major Calyx

Question 9

Kidney Blood Supply Before Filtration

Answer 9

Renal Artery
Segmental Arteries
Interlobar Arteries
Arcuate Arteries
Cortical Radiate Arteries
Afferent Arterioles
Glomerular Capillaries

Question 10

Kidney Blood Supply After Filtration

Answer 10

Glomerular Capillaries
Efferent Arterioles
Peritubular Capillaries
Venules
Cortical Radiate Veins
Arcuate Veins
Interlobar Veins
Renal Veins
*NO SEGMENTAL VEINS

Question 11

Vascular Pole

Answer 11

Afferent Arteriole and Efferent Arteriole

Question 12

Renal Corpusle

Answer 12

Glomerular Capillaries (Glomerulus)
Glomerular Capsule (Bowman’s Capsule)

Question 13

Glomerular Capsule Layers

Answer 13

Capsular Outer Layer (Parietal Layer)
- Squamous Cells, continuous with PCT

Visceral Layer
- Epithelial lining of glomerular capillaries

Question 14

Renal Corpuscle Filtration Layers

Answer 14

Endothelial Surface Layer
Glomerular Capillary Endothelium
Basement Membrane
Glomerular Epithelium
Sub Podocyte Space

Question 15

Endothelial Surface Layer

Answer 15

Thick meshwork
- Limits filtration of large plasma proteins

Question 16

Glomerular Capillary Endothelium

Answer 16

Fenestrated, small openings
Too small for blood to pass through

Question 17

What substance are found in filtrate

Answer 17

Water, ions
Small organic molecules (Glucose, Fatty Acids, Amino Acids, Vitamins)

Question 18

What makes up the Renal Tubule

Answer 18

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCL)
Nephron Loop
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCL)

Question 19

Where does PCL begin? What is the lining

Answer 19

Tubular Poles

Simple Cuboidal containing microvilli

Question 20

Where does filtrate from Renal Tubule go

Answer 20

DCL empties into collecting system
- Collecting Tubules from several nephrons all lead to a common collecting duct

Collecting Duct leads to Papillary Duct

Question 21

Where does urine from Papillary Duct go

Answer 21

Papillary Duct –> Minor Calyx –> Major Calyx

Urine then leaves kidneys via urinary tract

Question 22

Where does urine from Urinary Tract go

Answer 22

Ureter –> Urinary Bladder –> Urethra

Question 23

Types of Nephrons

Answer 23

Cortical Nephron (Dominant)
- Short Nephron Loop

Juxtamedullary Nephron
- Long Nephron Loop

Question 24

Function of Nephron

Answer 24

• Creating concentrated urine from eliminated waste
• Reabsorbing useful material and water

Question 25

Descending Limb

Answer 25

Water leaves and enters bloodstream Simple Squamous Epithelium

Question 26

Ascending Limb

Answer 26

Impermeable to Water Pumps ions Simple Squamous Epithelium

Question 27

Vasa Recta

Answer 27

Capillaries around nephron loop

Question 28

Juxtaglomerular Complex produces what hormones

Answer 28

Renin (BP Regulation) Erythropoietin (RBC Production)

Question 29

When is filtrate considered urine

Answer 29

When it leaves the kidney --> When it is in the Minor Calyx

Question 30

Collecting System Epithelium

Answer 30

Collecting Tubules: Simple Cuboidal Papillary Duct: Simple Columnar

Question 31

Describe movement of urine starting from papillary duct

Answer 31

Minor Calyx --> Major Calyx --> Drains into renal pelvis --> Drains into ureters Exits Kidney at Hilum --> Extends to urinary bladder

Question 32

Layer of Ureters

Answer 32

Inner Mucosa (Transitional Epithelium) Middle Muscular Layer (Smooth Muscle) Adventia (External)

Question 33

Location of Urinary Bladder

Answer 33

Males: Between Rectum and Symphysis Pubis Females: Inferior to uterus, Anterior to Vagina

Question 34

Male Urethra

Answer 34

Different Regions - Prostatic Urethra: Prostate - Membranous Urethra Short segment that goes through pelvic cavity - Spongy Urethra Penis

Question 35

Female Urethra

Answer 35

Shorter than males Anterior to Vagina

Question 36

What ureter sphincter do we control?

Answer 36

External Urethral Sphincter

Question 37

Urine Storage Reflex

Answer 37

Urine storage increases sympathetic activity - Inhibits Detrusor Muscle - Stimulates contraction of internal and external urethral sphincters Urine does not leave

Question 38

Urine Voiding Reflex

Answer 38

Stretch-Activated Spinal reflexes stimulate - Parasympathetic Activity - Detrusor Contracts - Internal Urethral Sphincter relaxes Decreases Sympathetic Activity - Internal Urethral Sphincter relaxes

Question 39

Is Urine Voiding Voluntary or Unvoluntary

Answer 39

Voluntary Reflex