Muscle

Question 1

Skeletal (Cell Type/Nucleus/Innervation)

Answer 1

Striated
Multinucleate
Innervated by somatic nervous system

Question 2

Cardiac (Cell Type/Nucleus/Innervation)

Answer 2

Striated
Uninucleate
Innervated by autonomic nervous system

Question 3

Smooth (Cell Type/Nucleus/Innervation)

Answer 3

Not Striated
Uninucleate
Innervated by autonomic nervous system

Question 4

Endomysium

Answer 4

Smallest
- Insulates individual muscle fibre

Question 5

Perimysium

Answer 5

Medium
- Around each fascicle (Bundle of Muscle Fibre)

Question 6

Epimysium

Answer 6

Largest
- Binds fascicles into a muscle

Question 7

Tenosynovium

Answer 7

Epitenon + Paratenon

Question 8

Endotenon

Answer 8

Encloses groups of fiber bundles to form fascicles
- Encloses blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics

Question 9

Epitenon

Answer 9

Sheath that covers entire tendon

Question 10

Paratenon

Answer 10

Double Layered Sheath that surrounds areolar tissue (connective tissue)

Question 11

Fibers

Answer 11

Formed from bundles of Collagen Fibrils

Question 12

Fascicles

Answer 12

Made up of bundles of fibers

Question 13

How do nerves innervate the muscle?

Answer 13

By penetrating through the epimysium

Question 14

Neuromuscular Synapse

Answer 14

Where chemicals are released into for chemical communication between nerve and muscle

Question 15

Blood Vessels alignment with Nerves

Answer 15

Blood vessels are parallel to the nerves that innervate the muscle

Question 16

Alpha Motor Neuron

Answer 16

Cell body in ventral horn of spinal cord or brainstem

Question 17

Motor Unit

Answer 17

Alpha Motor Neurons plus the muscle it innervates

Question 18

How many muscle fibres does one motor neuron innervate?

Answer 18

One motor neuron can innervate several fibres

Question 19

How many neurons can innervate a single fibre

Answer 19

Only one neuron innervates a single fibre

Question 20

Muscle Hypertrophy causes

Answer 20

Enlargement of muscle
Increase mitochondria
Increase activity of muscle spindles
Increase concentration of glycolytic enzymes
Increase glycogen reserves

Question 21

Muscle Atrophy causes

Answer 21

Decreases muscle mass
Decreases muscle tone

Physical Therapy reduces effects of muscle atrophy

Question 22

Parallel Muscle Fibers

Answer 22

Arm, abdomen

Long muscle with a central portion (belly)
Fascicles pull in same direction

Contraction: Muscle gets shorter belly gets wider

Question 23

Convergent Muscle Fibers

Answer 23

Chest, Shoulder

Fan shape, span a wide area, but, originate from the same base
Fascicules in same direction

Question 24

Pennate Muscle Fibers

Answer 24

Feather Stem shape

Contain more muscle fiber than parallel muscles, generate more force

Question 25

Unipennate Muscle Fibers

Answer 25

Forearm Muscle Fibres on one side

Question 26

Bipennate Muscle Fibers

Answer 26

Thigh Muscle fibers on both sides

Question 27

Multipennate Muscle Fibers

Answer 27

Shoulder Branches within the muscle

Question 28

Circular Muscle Fibers

Answer 28

Eye Fibres arranged around an opening Forms sphincters

Question 29

Axial

Answer 29

Head and Vertebral Column Rib Cage and Pelvic Floor

Question 30

Appendicular

Answer 30

Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb Absorbs shocks as you walk

Question 31

Diaphragm (Inhale)

Answer 31

Contracts --> Lowers --> Increase Volume

Question 32

Diaphragm (Exhale)

Answer 32

Relax --> Rise --> Decrease Volume

Question 33

Pregenital Triangle

Answer 33

Anterior Triangle

Question 34

Anal Triangle

Answer 34

Posterior Triangle

Question 35

Pelvic Diaphragm

Answer 35

Foundation of Pelvic Floor

Question 36

Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscle

Answer 36

Separates Urogenital and Anal Trigangle

Question 37

Extrinsic Muscles (Hand)

Answer 37

Forearm

Question 38

Intrinsic Muscles (Hand)

Answer 38

Palm or Dorsum of hand

Question 39

Accessory Structure: Tendon Sheaths includes what structures

Answer 39

9 Flexor Muscle Tendons & Median Nerve

Question 40

Flexor Tendon Overuse

Answer 40

Repetitive motion of flexor tendons can irritate the sheath coverings --> Swelling of median nerve in carpal tunnel

Question 41

Flexor Retinaculum

Answer 41

Forms roof of carpal tunnel

Question 42

Extrinsic Muscles (Foot)

Answer 42

Originate at: - Distal Femur - Tibia - Fibula Moves the foot and toes

Question 43

Intrinsic Muscles (Foot)

Answer 43

Originate at Foot Moves the toes