GI

Question 1

Four Layer of Digestive Tract

Answer 1

Mucosa (Innermost)
Submucosa
Muscular Layer
Serosa (Outermost)

Question 2

Mucosal Epithelium

Answer 2

Stratified or Simple Epithelium

Question 3

Oral Cavity, Pharynx, Esophagus

Answer 3

Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous

Question 4

Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine

Answer 4

Simple Columnar Cells

Question 5

Mucosa (Plicae Circulares)

Answer 5

Folds that increase surface area and absorption

Question 6

Mucosa (Lamina Propria)

Answer 6

Contains blood vessels, smooth muscle, and lymphatic

Question 7

Mucosa (Muscularis Mucosae)

Answer 7

Smooth muscle at border of mucosa

Question 8

Submucosa (What’s in this layer)

Answer 8

Large blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics

Question 9

Submucosa (Innervated by?)

Answer 9

Submucosal Neural Plexuses
(Non-voluntary)

Question 10

Muscular Layer (Contains?)

Answer 10

Smooth muscle fibers

Question 11

Muscular Layer (Innervated by?)

Answer 11

Myenteric Neural Plexus

Question 12

Serosa (Not Found Where?)

Answer 12

Pharynx, Esophagus, Rectum

Question 13

Pharynx, Esophagus, Rectum (Covered by?)

Answer 13

Fibrous Adventitia

Question 14

Oral Mucosa (Lining Structure?)

Answer 14

Non-keratinized Stratified Squamous Cells

Question 15

Parotid

Answer 15

Enzyme Rich (25% of Saliva)

Question 16

Sublingual

Answer 16

Mucin Rich (5% of Saliva)

Question 17

Submandibular

Answer 17

Enzymes and Mucins (70% of Saliva)

Question 18

Parotid Duct

Answer 18

Saliva drains from Parotid Salivary Glands to mouth cavity

Question 19

Esophagus (Location?)

Answer 19

Posterior to Trachea

Question 20

Esophagus (Innervated by?)

Answer 20

Vagus Nerve

Question 21

Esophagus (Mucosa)

Answer 21

Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Question 22

Esophagus (Submucosa)

Answer 22

Contains large folds for significant expansion
Contains esophageal glands
–> Produces mucus

Question 23

Esophagus (Muscularis Mucosae)

Answer 23

Only one layer in Esophagus, different than rest of GI
Gets thicker the closer you get to the stomach

Question 24

Relaxed Stomach (Gastric Folds)

Answer 24

When relaxed: Mucosa forms lots of muscular ridges
–> Allows for expansion of stomach

When stretched: Stomach has less muscular ridges

Question 25

Vagus Nerve

Answer 25

Paarasympathetic

Question 26

Celiac Plexus

Answer 26

Sympathetic

Question 27

Greater Omentum

Answer 27

Forms a pouch that hangs like an apron off the stomach

Question 28

Lesser Omentum

Answer 28

Extends from liver to stomach on top of the stomach

Question 29

Gastric Glands

Answer 29

Gastric Juice - Digestion

Question 30

Mucous Surface Cells

Answer 30

Faces the Lumen Produces Mucus - Protects stomach from digesting iteself

Question 31

Mucous Neck Cells

Answer 31

Located in gastric pit Produces Mucus - Lubricate food

Question 32

Parietal Cells

Answer 32

Intrinsic Factor - Absorption of Vit B12 Hydrochloric Acid - Kills microorganisms

Question 33

Chief Cells

Answer 33

Pepsinogen - Converted into pepsin - Pepsin digests proteins

Question 34

Enteroendocrine Cells

Answer 34

Gastrin - Stimulates parietal and chief cells to release their products

Question 35

Duodenum

Answer 35

Receives digestive enzymes from pancreas

Question 36

Jejunum

Answer 36

Where most of digestion and absorption occurs

Question 37

Ileum

Answer 37

Last region of the small intestine

Question 38

Vilus (Absorption of digested nutrients)

Answer 38

Villus contain capillaries that can absorb nutrients

Question 39

Vilus (Contains?)

Answer 39

Arteriole Venule Lymphatic Vessel

Question 40

Plicae Circulare (Stomach vs Small Intestine)

Answer 40

Stomach: Folds stretch Small Intestine: Folds do not disapper or stretch when material passes through

Question 41

Lacteal

Answer 41

Found in vilus, absorbs whatever material that can not be absorbed by capillaries

Question 42

Duodenal Submucosal Gland

Answer 42

Produces large amounts of mucus Neutralizes acids

Question 43

Duodenal Papilla

Answer 43

Contains duodenal ampulla, where bile duct and pancreatic duct connect with the duodenum