Renal

Question 1

Nephrotic syndrome 3 characteristics

Answer 1

1. Massive proteinuria >3.5g/day
2. Oedema
3. Hypoalbuminaemia

Question 2

Nephrotic syndrome increased risk

Answer 2

Increased risk of hyperlipidaemia, thrombosis and infection

Question 3

Nephritic syndrome characteristics

Answer 3

1. haematuria
2. oliguria
3. oedema
4. proteinuria <3.5g/day
5. hypertension
6. uraemic symptoms - anorexia, pruritis, lethargy, nausea

Question 4

Management of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 4

ACEi
Steroids (high dose pred)
If steroid resistant can use IV cyclophosphamide

Others: diuretics, statins, anticoagulation, antibiotics

Question 5

Staghorn kidney stone composition

Answer 5

Magensium ammonium

Question 6

Common complication of haemodialysis

Answer 6

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 7

When would you see crescents on renal biopsy?

Answer 7

If there are anti-GBM antibodies

Cause of severe glomerular injury

Question 8

What is cholesterol embolisation

Answer 8

Can break off and get stuck in the kidneys

Tend to be secondary to angiogram

Sx: eosinopholia, purpura, livedo reticularis, renal failure

Question 9

Peritoneal dialysis infection cause

Answer 9

Staph aureus

Question 10

What renal condition is Hodgkins related to?

Answer 10

Minimal change disease

Question 11

How to use up urinary oxalate

Answer 11

Calcium supplemtation

Question 12

Most common cause of renal stones in Crohns disease

Answer 12

Calcium oxalate

Question 13

Treatment of a UTI in pregnancy

Answer 13

Nitro (not final semester) can use amoxicillin then

Question 14

Immunoglobulin that causes renal rejection

Answer 14

IgG

Question 15

HSP vasculitis

Answer 15

IgA deposition

Question 16

Polymyositis management

Answer 16

Oral prednisolone

Question 17

What do you need to make sure is done when treating polymyositis

Answer 17

Screen for an underlying malignancy

Question 18

Rheumatoid arthritis immunoglobulin

Answer 18

Il6

Question 19

Management of RA - monoclonal antibody against IL6

Answer 19

Tocilizumab

Question 20

Side effects of gold

Answer 20

Mouth ulcers, pulmonary fibrosis

Question 21

Rheumatoid arthritis which joints are spared

Answer 21

DIPJ

Question 22

CREST syndrome antibodies

Answer 22

Anti-centromere

Question 23

Nephrotic syndrome thyroid bloods

Answer 23

Decreased total thyroxine levels because thyroid binding globulin is lost

Question 24

Gietalman syndrome

Answer 24

Hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia, hypochloraemia, hypomagnesia

-> defect in the thiazide channel

Question 25

Liddle syndrome

Answer 25

Hypertensive
Excess urinary reabsorption

Question 26

Finasteride SE

Answer 26

Gynaecomastia (5 alpha reductase inhibitor)