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MRCP > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Heart failure medication having no improvement on mortality

A

Digoxin

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2
Q

4th line heart failure

A
  1. Switch ACEi for sacubitril valsartan if HF EF <35%
  2. Add hydralazine if Afro-Carribean
  3. Add ivabradine if HF EF <35% and HR >75
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3
Q

Clopidogrel MOA

A

Blocks ADP

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4
Q

Aortic stenosis heart sounds

A

Quiet S2

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5
Q

V5-V6 ST elevation

A

Lateral MI (Left Cx)

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6
Q

V1-4 ST elevation

A

Anterior (LAD)

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7
Q

II, III, aVF ST elevation

A

Inferior (RCA)

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8
Q

Define ejection fraction

A

The difference in volume of blood at diastole and systole

EF: (EDV - ESV)/EDV

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9
Q

Splitting of the first heart sound, where does this correspond with the ECG

A

R wave

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10
Q

What is S1

A

Closure of mitral and tricuspid valves

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11
Q

What is S2

A

Closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves

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12
Q

Soft S1

A

immobile mitral stenosis
mitral regurgitation

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13
Q

Split S1

A

RBBB
LBBB
VT
Ebsteins anomaly

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14
Q

Variable S1

A

AF
Complete heart block

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15
Q

Loud S2

A

Hypertension
Tachycardia
ASD

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16
Q

Soft/absent S2

A

Severe aortic stenosis

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17
Q

Fixed S2

A

ASD

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18
Q

Wide split S2

A

RBBB, pulmonary stenosis

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19
Q

Reversed split S2

A

LBBB
PDA
AS

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20
Q

S3

A

Caused by rapid filling
MR
VSD

21
Q

S4

A

Filling of a stiff LV
LVH
HOCM

22
Q

Warfarin therapy
- small operation e.g. tooth extraction

A

Can continue as long as INR not above 2.0

23
Q

HOCM

A

Ejection systolic murmur that improves on squatting

24
Q

Signs of VT rather than sVT on ECG

A
  • AV dissociation
  • QRS complex >160ms
  • fusion beats
  • RSR complex
25
Q

Coarctation of the aorta, why would the RHS blood pressure be higher than the LHS

A

If the coarctation is proximal to the left subclavian artery origin

26
Q

If pressure in the RV > LV after MI, what is the cause

A

RV failure

27
Q

Carotid sinus syndrome

A

Can cause black outs, asystole momentarily, need to have a pacemaker

28
Q

Drug that shortens QT interval

A

Digoxin

29
Q

What is the dicrotic notch

A

Timed with aortic valve closure

30
Q

Co-arctation of the aorta BP in limbs

A

Legs will be much lower than arms

31
Q

Prominent X and Y waves on JVP

A

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

32
Q

Marfans murmur

A

Aortic regurgitaiton

33
Q

Electrolyte imbalance causing prolonged QT

A

Hypomagnesia

34
Q

Medication to avoid in AS

A

bisoprolol

35
Q

MOA tirofiban

A

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor
- used in unatable angina/NSTEMI

36
Q

HOCM pulse

A

Jerky

37
Q

HOCM symptoms

A

double apex beat
jerky pulse
mid-systolic murmur

38
Q

HOCM management

A

Primary ICD

39
Q

HOCM genetic cause

A

Defect in the B myosin
autosomal dominant

40
Q

Pulmonary oedema, hypotensive on a background of HF management

A

IV diuretics
IV opiate
O2

If remains hypotensive could consider dobutamine for BP support

41
Q

Poor prognostic indicator HOCM

A

Septal wall thickness >3cm

42
Q

Patent foramen ovale investigation

A

TOE with bubble study

  • note likely to present with DVT and stroke like symptoms
43
Q

WPW management

A

Radiofrequency ablation

44
Q

Pericarditis ECG post 1- 2 weeks

A

T wave flattening

45
Q

LHS or RHS murmurs heard best on inspiration

A

RHS heard best on inspiration
LHS heard best on expiration

46
Q

Gradient of AS that you can observe if asymptomatic that will mean you have to surgically intervene

A

40mmHg

47
Q

AR

A

De Mussets sign: head bobbing
Quinckes sign: nail pulse beating

48
Q

Histology of rheumatic fever

A

Aschoff bodies

MRCP (28 decks)

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