Renal

Question 0

Post-streptococcal GN is characterized by what?

Answer 0

Decreased C3, normal C4
ASO titers >90%
LM: diffuse proliferative
IF: starry sky (diffused granular deposition of IgG C3
EM: large dense immune deposits in the subendothelial, subepithelial, mesangial

Question 1

Characteristics of immune complex glomerulonephritis

Answer 1

Decreased C3, (-) ANCA, anti-GBM

Question 2

IF: starry sky (diffused granular deposition of IgG C3 is associated with which type of GN?

Answer 2

Post-strep GN

Question 3

Crescentic GN is seen in which type of GN?

Answer 3

RPGN

Question 4

Anti-GBM nephritis + lung hemorrhage is associated with which condition?

Answer 4

Goodpasteur’s syndrome

Question 5

Diffused effacement of foot processes of visceral epithelial cells is seen in which type of nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 5

Minimal change disease

80% seen in children
IF: (-) Ig C3
Treatment: steroids

Question 6

Hyalinosis of <50% of glomeruli is associated with which condition?

Answer 6

Focal segmental glomerulonephritis

IF: (-) Ig
EM: damage to visceral epithelial cells
Poor prognosis

Question 10

Wire loop abnormality is seen in which condition?

Answer 10

Type IV SLE nephropathy

Immune complex deposition & gross thickening of the BM

Question 11

Decreased C3 glumerulonephritis

Answer 11

Post strep GN; Membrano-proliferative GN

Question 12

IF revealed lumpy-bumpy appearance is associated with what type of glomerulonephritis?

Answer 12

Post strep GN

Question 13

IgA deposition in the mesangium is associate with which disease?

Answer 13

Berger disease

Question 14

Tram track appearance is seen in which type of glomerulonephritis?

Answer 14

Membrano-proliferative GN

Question 15

White cell casts in the urine is associated with what condition?

Answer 15

Acute pyelonephritis

Question 16

Proximal renal tubular dysfunction leading to impaired reabsorption is associated with what syndrome?

Answer 16

Fanconi syndrome

Question 17

Impaired reabsorption of tryptophan/deficiency in tryptophan?

Answer 17

Hartnup disease

Question 18

Thyroidization of the kidneys is seen in which condition?

Answer 18

Chronic pyelonephritis

Question 19

Schistosoma haematobium is associated with what type of renal cell?

Answer 19

Squamous cell CA

Question 20

Most common location of renal cell CA

Answer 20

Upper pole

Hematogenous dissemination

Question 21

Most common cause of nephrosclerosis in adults?

Answer 21

Membranous glomerulopathy

Diffused thickening of the GBM
(+) PAS

Question 22

IgA nephropathy associated with gross hematuria 24-48 hours after an infection or strenous exercise

Answer 22

Berger’s disease

Question 23

Earliest renal abnormality in DM patients?

Answer 23

Glomerular hyperinflation

Question 24

Fibrinoid, “onion-skin” lesions of the kidneys is associated with which type of nephrosclerosis

Answer 24

Malignant arteriolar nephroscerlosis

Question 25

What is Type 1 renal tubular acidosis?

Answer 25

Distal, inability to secrete H+ and develop high K+ in urine

Alkalinic urine
Treatment: oral HCO3, K replacement

Question 26

What is type II renal tubular acidosis?

Answer 26

Inability to absorb HCO3

Associated with bone lesions (osteomalacia and rickets)
Treatment: potassium, thiazide diuretics

Question 27

What is the defect in renal tubular acidosis type IV?

Answer 27

Aldosterone deficiency or adrenal insensitivity to angiotensin II

Asymptomatic hyperkalemia
Tx: Fludrocortisone (mineralocorticoid)

Question 32

Most common hereditary renal disorder

Answer 32

Adult polycystic kidney disease

Bilateral cyst
Also related to berry aneurysm of the circle of Willis

Question 33

IF revealing spike and dome appearance

Answer 33

Membranoglumerulonephritis

Question 34

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules is associated with what condition?

Answer 34

DM nodular glumerulosclerosis

Nodular accumulations of mesangial matriax material