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Moore World History > Renaissance + Reformation > Flashcards

Renaissance + Reformation Flashcards

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1
Q

Martin Luther

A

Began the protestant reformation by publicly speaking against the selling of indulgences

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2
Q

“95” theses

A

Martin Luther hung these on a church door and they criticized the power of the Pope

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3
Q

Edict/Diet of worms

A

A decree that declared Luther an outlaw and condemned his writings

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4
Q

Act of supremacy

A

Required subjects to take an oath declaring the king the head of church and state

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5
Q

King Henry VIII

A

A devout christian king who was against Luther

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6
Q

John Calvin

A

Another Protestant reformer who believed in predestination and was a strict leader

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7
Q

Counter Reformation

A

Reforms within the church in response to Protestant complaints

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8
Q

Ignatius Loyola

A

Founder of the Jesuits. He helped with the Catholic Counter Reformation

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9
Q

Council of Trent

A

A council called by the Pope in order to address the validity of Protestant complaints

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10
Q

Inquisition

A

A church court to fight protestantism and heretics.

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11
Q

Wittenberg

A

Where Luther went to hide when he was being pursued

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12
Q

Predestination

A

The anti-church idea that God already chooses who is good/bad and that being a good christian in life will not change your outcome after death. Your fate is predetermined

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13
Q

Theocracy

A

A government where church and state are one

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14
Q

Jesuits

A

Monastic order founded by Ignatius Loyola that took part in intense praying and complete loyalty to pope

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15
Q

Heliocentric theory

A

The theory the sun was the center of the universe- a new theory proposed by Copernicus

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16
Q

Geocentric Theory

A

Christian/ancient belief the the earth was the center of the universe

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17
Q

Aristotle/Ptolemy

A

Ancient thinkers who believed the Geocentric theory

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18
Q

Copernicus

A

Scientist who invented the Heliocentric theory and created mathematic models to prove it

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19
Q

Johannes Kepler

A

Proved Copernicus Heliocentric theory further and corrected it by adding that planets revolve in a ellipse shape (oval, not perfect circle)

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20
Q

Galileo

A

Built first telescope and studied many space objects

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21
Q

Scientific method

A

Method involving in depth observation and hypothesizing

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22
Q

John Knox

A

Formed theocracy in Geneva based on Protestantism

23
Q

What were the main causes of the Protestant reformation?

A

Issues within the Catholic church and the unfair selling of indulgences inspired Martin Luther speak up against the church, which sparked the reformation

24
Q

How did protestantism lead to political, social, and other changes within Europe?

A

Christendom broke apart, the Papacy had less power, and there was general political and social turmoil

25
Q

How did the Catholic church attempt to regain faith of their followers?

A

The council of trent addressed complaints, made administrative reforms, created better education and training, and tried to lessen church abuses. Church institutions supported reforms and the Inquisition went after heretics.

26
Q

How did the scientific revolution add to issues already faced by the Catholic Church?

A

Disproved previous church beliefs (i.e. Geocentric theory) and therefore weakened validity of all church beliefs.

27
Q

Medici Family

A

Powerful, rich, and ruling family of Florence for many years

28
Q

Brunelleschi

A

Architect who built incredibly tall dome of Duomo

29
Q

Donatello

A

Free standing nude sculptor

30
Q

Perspective

A

Technique that creates depth via size

31
Q

Machiavelli

A

Wrote “The Prince”, which advised rulers to be politically effective

32
Q

Northern Rennaisance

A

Smaller Renaissance brought on by the spread of ideas outside of Italy

33
Q

Rennaissance women

A

Strict standards- must be beautiful but modest, a good hostess, and graceful

34
Q

The courtier

A

A popular book detailing the ideal renaissance man and woman

35
Q

Leonardo Da Vinci

A

Multi talented renaissance man and famous artist

36
Q

Michelangelo

A

Famous sculptor of “David” and famous painter of sistine chapel

37
Q

Johannes Gutenberg

A

Invented the Printing press which allowed the faster spread of books, and therefore, the spread of everything

38
Q

Ghiberti

A

Spent 50 years creating baptistry doors of incredible depth

39
Q

Frescoes

A

Lifelike, wet plaster paintings that created a revolution in art

40
Q

Humanism

A

Celebration of human body and classics

41
Q

Secularism

A

Worldly, secular matters (not church related)

42
Q

Indivualism

A

Celebration of individual achievements

43
Q

Patron

A

Someone who financed art

44
Q

Dante

A

Wrote the Divine Comedy

45
Q

Raphael

A

Famous painter- “School of Athens”

46
Q

Indulgences

A

A slip of paper sold to people on streets which could “buy” people out of time in purgatory- very criticized practice

47
Q

Boticelli

A

Italian Renaissance painter

48
Q

What were the key ideas formed in the renaissance?

A

Humanism, secularism, and individualism

49
Q

How was the renaissance different from the middle ages?

A

Massive incline in culture and talent and technology- less religious, more people focused

50
Q

What were the major achievements of the Rennaissance

A

Incredible art, artists, and writers
Belief in H.I.S.
Printing press

51
Q

Absolute Monarch

A

When a ruler has total and complete power

52
Q

Versailles

A

Royal palace in France

53
Q

Sir Thomas More

A

Wrote “Utopia” and Criticized English governmemt

Moore World History (9 decks)

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