Renaissance Flashcards
How long did the Ren. Period last
1400-1500
How did the Ren. Period start
With the fall of the MA ( decline of power in church )
Rise in secularism happened, what is secularism
It’s relating to the world and religion becomes less important
What was reintroduced in the Ren.
The “classics”, Greek and Roman cultures
What was invented early on in the Ren period
The moveable printing press
What were the main places where the Ren came about
Venice, Milan, Genoa and mainly Florence ( center of Ren )
What dominated the cities
The RCC, nobles, merchants, and artisans
Who was the medici family
The most wealthy and influential family
The cities become what
Wealthy flourishing centers of the arts
What did the Ren renew
The interest of development in art, lit, science, and learning
Renaissance means what
“Rebirth”
What was the Ren like after the MA and DA
It was like a light turned on in a dark room
What is humanism
Intellectual movement that focused on human beings and what we can do
Thinkers of this time were called what
Humanists
What was education like
Really important and stressed Greek, Latin, rhetoric, grammar, poetry, and history ( humanities )
What did humanists emphasize
Accomplishments and potential of humans
Who was Francesco Petrarch
The father of humanism, he was a writer that focused on the secular rather than spiritual
What did a lot of humanists reject
Religion because of corruption of the Catholic Church in the MA, this is where atheism comes from
What is Deism
It became the religion of the Ren, they believed God created us and everything then left us to defend for ourslves
What was Benjamin Franklin
A deist
What did humanists stress the idea of
The idea of a universal man or a renaissance man ( someone who is knowledgeable in all areas )
Renaissance women were what
Not to create art but to inspire it
Who was Niccooo Machiavelli
He was a writer and wrote “The Prince”, a guide on how to rule
Who was Dante
He wrote the “Divine Comedy”, about life after death and his journey through purgatory, hell, then heaven ( 1 of greatest lit works in Ren )
What did Ren art stress
Religion and worldly themes ( realism )
What is perspective and oil painting
3 dimensional art, and more colors ( Alum )
Who were patrons
They supported artists and were often nobles, merchants, and the church, artists got necessities in return for art
Who was Leo Da Vinci
A renaissance man, a painter, writer, architect, inventor, painted Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
Who was Michelangelo
A sculptor and painter, he sculpted the Pieta, David, and painted the Sistine Chapel
Who was Raphael
A painter, painted the school of Athens ( a fresco of Socrates, Plato, an Aristotle ), Madonna ( mom of Jesus ) in St Peters
Who was Donatello
A sculptor, sculpted St Mark and the Feast of Herod
Who was Bramante
An architect, designed St Peters Cathedral
What was the Northern Ren
It spread to London, Paris, Amsterdam, etc
How did Ren spread
Through trade, war, students attending universities in the north and mainly the printing press
Who was Johannes Gutenberg
He invented the movable printing press ( greatest invention of Ren )
Because of the printing press what happened
Books could be mass produced and cheaper
What was the first publication on the Gutenberg press
The Gutenberg Bible
What did writers in the north introduce
Novels, drama and poems written in literature for the first time and in the vernacular language for the first time
Who was Desiderius Erasmus
Father of Christian Humanism ( Dutch )
In Praise of Folly was what
It called for a return of the simple Christian life
What did Erasmus want
A reform in the corruption of the Catholic Church ( he fanned early flames of the reformation )
Erasmus’ works were what
Condemned by the church
Who was Sir Thomas More
He was English and wrote Utopia ( no place, perfect ), criticized English government
What does Utopia mean
An imaginary place that possesses highly desirable or nearly perfect qualities for citizens ( ppl thought America )
Who was William Shakespeare
The greatest playwright of all time
What did Shakespeare write plays about
Human emotions ( love, anger, lust, revenge, etc )
Where were his plays performed
The Globe Theater
What were some famous plays
Romeo & Juliet, Julius Caesar, Hamlet, etc ( mostly tragedies )
What were the impacts of the Ren
Great works of art/lit created
Critical thinking began
Scientific revolution - start of modern science p
Enlightenment - questioned everything
What was the enlightenment
The age of reason, 17th-18th century, an intellectual movement
What did the enlightenment focus on
Reason, logic, freedom of thought, instead of religion & superstition
What was the goal of the enlightenment
To reform and challenge long held ideas about society ( government & religion )
What were the characteristics of the enlightenment
Think for yourself = reason Skepticism = question everything Republicanism = right to rule yourself Liberty = freedom Individualism
What was the scientific revolution
The study the natural world
What was the old view of the world
Based on traditions, superstition, and observation
What is the geocentric theory
The earth was the center of the universe
These ideas were what
Upheld by the church, God put earth at the center
What was the new view of the world
It questioned tradition and tested long accepted ideas about the natural world
Who created the scientific method
Aristotle, but Francis Bacon and Rene descartes were the first to use it after so long
What is the scientific method
Identify the problem Form hypothesis that can be tested Do experiments Record results Analyze results and create a conclusion
Who was Nicolaus capernicus
He created the heliocentric theory, that the sun was the center of the universe and not earth
What does Galileo do
He was the father of modern science
Developed the 1st telescope
Proved heliocentric theory right
Who was Sir Isaac Newton
Came up with the Theory of gravity & developed modern calculus
Who was Robert hook
Discovered the cell and created modern biology
Who was Robert Boyle
1st to define an element
Father of modern chemistry
Did the Catholic Church like these discoveries, why
No they didn’t, because they challenged the churches authority and the church looked bad for supporting these ideas
What were the areas that were challenged
Religion and church Social classes Economics Education Government
Thinkers of this time were called what
Philosophes
Where did this movement begin
France
What were salons
Where philosophes met to discuss the issues of the day and the views on the government
The old view helped who
They gave the rulers the right to rule, believed god chose the rulers
The new view helped who
It gave the people the rights to rule
Who was Thomas Hobbes
He believed the purpose of the government was to impose peace, safety, and order
people were evil by nature and needed control
people needed to give up freedom to a strong leader who kept peace
Best form of government was a centralized one ( absolute )
Who John Locke ( 5 )
- He believed the purpose of the government was to protect people’s natural rights
- Believed people were good by nature, born equal, could control selves,
- Believed monarchs were chosen by God and people could overthrow them if rights not upheld
- Enlightened government was best ( gave people rights )
- Forerunner of modern democratic republican
Who was Rousseau
He was Swiss, stressed equality of people and the natural man
Who was Montesquieu
Stressed government needed a speciation of power, should have 3 branches of government
Who was Voltaire
Stressed freedom of speech and religion
“I do not agree with what you have to say, but I’ll defend to the death your right to say it”
Who was Diderot
He compiled all human knowledge into a single work called an Encyclopedia, “Father of Google” - Mr. B
Who was Benjamin Franklin
Greatest American enlightened thinker
What were the results of the enlightenment
The development of the scientific method
People questioned old ideas
American and French Revolutions
Development of modern democratic republic
