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World History > Renaissance > Flashcards

Renaissance Flashcards

1
Q

How long did the Ren. Period last

A

1400-1500

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2
Q

How did the Ren. Period start

A

With the fall of the MA ( decline of power in church )

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3
Q

Rise in secularism happened, what is secularism

A

It’s relating to the world and religion becomes less important

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4
Q

What was reintroduced in the Ren.

A

The “classics”, Greek and Roman cultures

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5
Q

What was invented early on in the Ren period

A

The moveable printing press

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6
Q

What were the main places where the Ren came about

A

Venice, Milan, Genoa and mainly Florence ( center of Ren )

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7
Q

What dominated the cities

A

The RCC, nobles, merchants, and artisans

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8
Q

Who was the medici family

A

The most wealthy and influential family

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9
Q

The cities become what

A

Wealthy flourishing centers of the arts

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10
Q

What did the Ren renew

A

The interest of development in art, lit, science, and learning

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11
Q

Renaissance means what

A

“Rebirth”

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12
Q

What was the Ren like after the MA and DA

A

It was like a light turned on in a dark room

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13
Q

What is humanism

A

Intellectual movement that focused on human beings and what we can do

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14
Q

Thinkers of this time were called what

A

Humanists

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15
Q

What was education like

A

Really important and stressed Greek, Latin, rhetoric, grammar, poetry, and history ( humanities )

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16
Q

What did humanists emphasize

A

Accomplishments and potential of humans

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17
Q

Who was Francesco Petrarch

A

The father of humanism, he was a writer that focused on the secular rather than spiritual

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18
Q

What did a lot of humanists reject

A

Religion because of corruption of the Catholic Church in the MA, this is where atheism comes from

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19
Q

What is Deism

A

It became the religion of the Ren, they believed God created us and everything then left us to defend for ourslves

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20
Q

What was Benjamin Franklin

A

A deist

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21
Q

What did humanists stress the idea of

A

The idea of a universal man or a renaissance man ( someone who is knowledgeable in all areas )

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22
Q

Renaissance women were what

A

Not to create art but to inspire it

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23
Q

Who was Niccooo Machiavelli

A

He was a writer and wrote “The Prince”, a guide on how to rule

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24
Q

Who was Dante

A

He wrote the “Divine Comedy”, about life after death and his journey through purgatory, hell, then heaven ( 1 of greatest lit works in Ren )

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25
Q

What did Ren art stress

A

Religion and worldly themes ( realism )

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26
Q

What is perspective and oil painting

A

3 dimensional art, and more colors ( Alum )

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27
Q

Who were patrons

A

They supported artists and were often nobles, merchants, and the church, artists got necessities in return for art

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28
Q

Who was Leo Da Vinci

A

A renaissance man, a painter, writer, architect, inventor, painted Mona Lisa and The Last Supper

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29
Q

Who was Michelangelo

A

A sculptor and painter, he sculpted the Pieta, David, and painted the Sistine Chapel

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30
Q

Who was Raphael

A

A painter, painted the school of Athens ( a fresco of Socrates, Plato, an Aristotle ), Madonna ( mom of Jesus ) in St Peters

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31
Q

Who was Donatello

A

A sculptor, sculpted St Mark and the Feast of Herod

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32
Q

Who was Bramante

A

An architect, designed St Peters Cathedral

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33
Q

What was the Northern Ren

A

It spread to London, Paris, Amsterdam, etc

34
Q

How did Ren spread

A

Through trade, war, students attending universities in the north and mainly the printing press

35
Q

Who was Johannes Gutenberg

A

He invented the movable printing press ( greatest invention of Ren )

36
Q

Because of the printing press what happened

A

Books could be mass produced and cheaper

37
Q

What was the first publication on the Gutenberg press

A

The Gutenberg Bible

38
Q

What did writers in the north introduce

A

Novels, drama and poems written in literature for the first time and in the vernacular language for the first time

39
Q

Who was Desiderius Erasmus

A

Father of Christian Humanism ( Dutch )

40
Q

In Praise of Folly was what

A

It called for a return of the simple Christian life

41
Q

What did Erasmus want

A

A reform in the corruption of the Catholic Church ( he fanned early flames of the reformation )

42
Q

Erasmus’ works were what

A

Condemned by the church

43
Q

Who was Sir Thomas More

A

He was English and wrote Utopia ( no place, perfect ), criticized English government

44
Q

What does Utopia mean

A

An imaginary place that possesses highly desirable or nearly perfect qualities for citizens ( ppl thought America )

45
Q

Who was William Shakespeare

A

The greatest playwright of all time

46
Q

What did Shakespeare write plays about

A

Human emotions ( love, anger, lust, revenge, etc )

47
Q

Where were his plays performed

A

The Globe Theater

48
Q

What were some famous plays

A

Romeo & Juliet, Julius Caesar, Hamlet, etc ( mostly tragedies )

49
Q

What were the impacts of the Ren

A

Great works of art/lit created
Critical thinking began
Scientific revolution - start of modern science p
Enlightenment - questioned everything

50
Q

What was the enlightenment

A

The age of reason, 17th-18th century, an intellectual movement

51
Q

What did the enlightenment focus on

A

Reason, logic, freedom of thought, instead of religion & superstition

52
Q

What was the goal of the enlightenment

A

To reform and challenge long held ideas about society ( government & religion )

53
Q

What were the characteristics of the enlightenment

A 
Think for yourself = reason
Skepticism = question everything
Republicanism = right to rule yourself
Liberty = freedom
Individualism
54
Q

What was the scientific revolution

A

The study the natural world

55
Q

What was the old view of the world

A

Based on traditions, superstition, and observation

56
Q

What is the geocentric theory

A

The earth was the center of the universe

57
Q

These ideas were what

A

Upheld by the church, God put earth at the center

58
Q

What was the new view of the world

A

It questioned tradition and tested long accepted ideas about the natural world

59
Q

Who created the scientific method

A

Aristotle, but Francis Bacon and Rene descartes were the first to use it after so long

60
Q

What is the scientific method

A 
Identify the problem
Form hypothesis that can be tested
Do experiments
Record results
Analyze results and create a conclusion
61
Q

Who was Nicolaus capernicus

A

He created the heliocentric theory, that the sun was the center of the universe and not earth

62
Q

What does Galileo do

A

He was the father of modern science
Developed the 1st telescope
Proved heliocentric theory right

63
Q

Who was Sir Isaac Newton

A

Came up with the Theory of gravity & developed modern calculus

64
Q

Who was Robert hook

A

Discovered the cell and created modern biology

65
Q

Who was Robert Boyle

A

1st to define an element

Father of modern chemistry

66
Q

Did the Catholic Church like these discoveries, why

A

No they didn’t, because they challenged the churches authority and the church looked bad for supporting these ideas

67
Q

What were the areas that were challenged

A 
Religion and church
Social classes
Economics
Education
Government
68
Q

Thinkers of this time were called what

A

Philosophes

69
Q

Where did this movement begin

A

France

70
Q

What were salons

A

Where philosophes met to discuss the issues of the day and the views on the government

71
Q

The old view helped who

A

They gave the rulers the right to rule, believed god chose the rulers

72
Q

The new view helped who

A

It gave the people the rights to rule

73
Q

Who was Thomas Hobbes

A

He believed the purpose of the government was to impose peace, safety, and order
people were evil by nature and needed control
people needed to give up freedom to a strong leader who kept peace
Best form of government was a centralized one ( absolute )

74
Q

Who John Locke ( 5 )

A
  1. He believed the purpose of the government was to protect people’s natural rights
  2. Believed people were good by nature, born equal, could control selves,
  3. Believed monarchs were chosen by God and people could overthrow them if rights not upheld
  4. Enlightened government was best ( gave people rights )
  5. Forerunner of modern democratic republican
75
Q

Who was Rousseau

A

He was Swiss, stressed equality of people and the natural man

76
Q

Who was Montesquieu

A

Stressed government needed a speciation of power, should have 3 branches of government

77
Q

Who was Voltaire

A

Stressed freedom of speech and religion

“I do not agree with what you have to say, but I’ll defend to the death your right to say it”

78
Q

Who was Diderot

A

He compiled all human knowledge into a single work called an Encyclopedia, “Father of Google” - Mr. B

79
Q

Who was Benjamin Franklin

A

Greatest American enlightened thinker

80
Q

What were the results of the enlightenment

A

The development of the scientific method
People questioned old ideas
American and French Revolutions
Development of modern democratic republic

World History (9 decks)

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