Reformation Flashcards
When did the reformation start
1517, it was an attempt to reform the Catholic Church, it had become worldly
Who were early reformers
John Wycliffe, Jon hus, William tyndale, etc
Peasants were heavily what
Taxed to pay for elaborate churches
What is nationalism
Devotion to country rather than church
Who was Martin Luther
A German priest, Father of reformation
What did ML put on the church doors
He nailed the 95 Theses on the doors of the Wittenberg church
What was the main thing ML criticized about the church
Selling indulgences
The worldliness of the pope and church
What did the printing press do for ML
ML’s friends to publish the Theses’ in German for the people to read
What were ML’s messages
Salvation cannot come from works, it comes through faith
Head of the church is Jesus not the pope
You can go to God on your own
No manmade traditions, the Bible is the christian’s guide
Who excommunicated ML
Leo X, the pope, in 1520
What happens to ML after being excommunicated
In 1521 ML is put on trial before Charles V ( HRE ) in the Diet of Worms
What is ML’s famous quote from this trial
“Here I stand; I can do no other. God help me”
What is edict of worms
ML is condemned as a heretic and his writings are condemned
ML is protected from who, by who
He’s protected from the the CC by prince Frederick of Saxony in a castle for a year
What does ML do in this time
He translates the NT into Germany, this is a turning point in reformation
What is the Diet of Augsburg
10 German princes forced to make a stand for or against ML, 2/3s don’t condemn him
What is the peace of Augsburg
The Lutheran church is recognized as the first Protestant Christian church in 1530
How does Protestantism spread
Through the printing press
In Switzerland who are some Protestants
Ulrich Zwingli and John Calvin ( started Calvinism )
In Scotland who was a Protestant
John Knox ( Presbyterian )
Who were Protestants called in France, England, and Germany
France = Huguenots England = puritans Germany = Anabaptists, Mennonites
Who was Henry VIII
The Defender of The Faith ( Catholic )
What is A Kings Protest
Henry wants to divorce Catherine of Aragon to marry Anne Boleyn
What happens to Henry’s wish
The pope refuses the divorce because Aragon was his cousin
What does Henry do
He drops out of the church and starts creates the Church of England and marries Anne
Who was Henry’s third wife
Jane Seymour, he marries after beheading Anne, they have Edward VI who dies at 15 ( Jane dies shortly after childbirth )
Who becomes queen after Henry dies
Mary ( Aragon’s daughter ), she becomes “Bloody Mary” because she kills thousands trying to restore the Catholic Church
What does Elizabeth do
Elizabeth ( Boleyn’s daughter ) imprisons Mary and becomes queen
What is the counter reformation
The Catholics attempt to stop the spread of Protestantism
Who are the Jesuits
The Society of Jesus is formed in 1534, they are Catholics, it was founded by Ignatius Loyola
What did the counter reformation use
Education, to combat the spread of the Protestant Reformation ( likes schools, universities, missions )
What is a Missionary Arm
Missionary arm of the church, or the Black Robes ( missionaries )
What is the Council of Trent
In 1545, Pope Paul III calls Catholics to examine and clarify the Catholic Church’s teachings to address the corruption and abuses
What is the inquisition
In 1542, in Spain, they attempted to stop Protestantism by “rooting out” heresy
What are 3 things that happened during the inquisition
Church courts = put heretics on trial
If found guilty = burned at stake ( hundreds of thousands killed )
Index of Forbidden Books = books that are forbidden to read
Who was Galileo
He proved one of the Catholic Churches beliefs wrong and went on trial but recanted
What is the 30 Years Religious Wars
Wars between Protestants and Catholics ( 1618-1648 )
What did the Peace of Westphalia do
It stopped the wars
What are the results of reformation
Divorce of Christian Church
Religious Wars
Europe divided
What does northern Europe mainly become
Protestant
What does Southern Europe mainly become
Catholic
