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World History > Reformation > Flashcards

Reformation Flashcards

1
Q

When did the reformation start

A

1517, it was an attempt to reform the Catholic Church, it had become worldly

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2
Q

Who were early reformers

A

John Wycliffe, Jon hus, William tyndale, etc

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3
Q

Peasants were heavily what

A

Taxed to pay for elaborate churches

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4
Q

What is nationalism

A

Devotion to country rather than church

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5
Q

Who was Martin Luther

A

A German priest, Father of reformation

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6
Q

What did ML put on the church doors

A

He nailed the 95 Theses on the doors of the Wittenberg church

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7
Q

What was the main thing ML criticized about the church

A

Selling indulgences

The worldliness of the pope and church

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8
Q

What did the printing press do for ML

A

ML’s friends to publish the Theses’ in German for the people to read

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9
Q

What were ML’s messages

A

Salvation cannot come from works, it comes through faith
Head of the church is Jesus not the pope
You can go to God on your own
No manmade traditions, the Bible is the christian’s guide

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10
Q

Who excommunicated ML

A

Leo X, the pope, in 1520

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11
Q

What happens to ML after being excommunicated

A

In 1521 ML is put on trial before Charles V ( HRE ) in the Diet of Worms

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12
Q

What is ML’s famous quote from this trial

A

“Here I stand; I can do no other. God help me”

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13
Q

What is edict of worms

A

ML is condemned as a heretic and his writings are condemned

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14
Q

ML is protected from who, by who

A

He’s protected from the the CC by prince Frederick of Saxony in a castle for a year

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15
Q

What does ML do in this time

A

He translates the NT into Germany, this is a turning point in reformation

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16
Q

What is the Diet of Augsburg

A

10 German princes forced to make a stand for or against ML, 2/3s don’t condemn him

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17
Q

What is the peace of Augsburg

A

The Lutheran church is recognized as the first Protestant Christian church in 1530

18
Q

How does Protestantism spread

A

Through the printing press

19
Q

In Switzerland who are some Protestants

A

Ulrich Zwingli and John Calvin ( started Calvinism )

20
Q

In Scotland who was a Protestant

A

John Knox ( Presbyterian )

21
Q

Who were Protestants called in France, England, and Germany

A 
France = Huguenots
England = puritans
Germany = Anabaptists, Mennonites
22
Q

Who was Henry VIII

A

The Defender of The Faith ( Catholic )

23
Q

What is A Kings Protest

A

Henry wants to divorce Catherine of Aragon to marry Anne Boleyn

24
Q

What happens to Henry’s wish

A

The pope refuses the divorce because Aragon was his cousin

25
Q

What does Henry do

A

He drops out of the church and starts creates the Church of England and marries Anne

26
Q

Who was Henry’s third wife

A

Jane Seymour, he marries after beheading Anne, they have Edward VI who dies at 15 ( Jane dies shortly after childbirth )

27
Q

Who becomes queen after Henry dies

A

Mary ( Aragon’s daughter ), she becomes “Bloody Mary” because she kills thousands trying to restore the Catholic Church

28
Q

What does Elizabeth do

A

Elizabeth ( Boleyn’s daughter ) imprisons Mary and becomes queen

29
Q

What is the counter reformation

A

The Catholics attempt to stop the spread of Protestantism

30
Q

Who are the Jesuits

A

The Society of Jesus is formed in 1534, they are Catholics, it was founded by Ignatius Loyola

31
Q

What did the counter reformation use

A

Education, to combat the spread of the Protestant Reformation ( likes schools, universities, missions )

32
Q

What is a Missionary Arm

A

Missionary arm of the church, or the Black Robes ( missionaries )

33
Q

What is the Council of Trent

A

In 1545, Pope Paul III calls Catholics to examine and clarify the Catholic Church’s teachings to address the corruption and abuses

34
Q

What is the inquisition

A

In 1542, in Spain, they attempted to stop Protestantism by “rooting out” heresy

35
Q

What are 3 things that happened during the inquisition

A

Church courts = put heretics on trial
If found guilty = burned at stake ( hundreds of thousands killed )
Index of Forbidden Books = books that are forbidden to read

36
Q

Who was Galileo

A

He proved one of the Catholic Churches beliefs wrong and went on trial but recanted

37
Q

What is the 30 Years Religious Wars

A

Wars between Protestants and Catholics ( 1618-1648 )

38
Q

What did the Peace of Westphalia do

A

It stopped the wars

39
Q

What are the results of reformation

A

Divorce of Christian Church
Religious Wars
Europe divided

40
Q

What does northern Europe mainly become

A

Protestant

41
Q

What does Southern Europe mainly become

A

Catholic

World History (9 decks)

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