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World History > Ancient Greece > Flashcards

Ancient Greece Flashcards

1
Q

The Greeks believed in what

A

Life after death and the only way to get to the other world was to cross the River Styx

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2
Q

If you were sent to the underworld you what?

A

Burned eternally

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3
Q

The Greeks placed 2 gold coins on the eyes of the dead, why?

A

To pay for their toll across Styx

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4
Q

The Greeks gave gods what

A

Human emotions

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5
Q

Where did the gods live and were they all related?

A

They lived on Mt. Olympus and yes they were all relatives

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6
Q

Who were the Olympians and what did they do

A

The gods, led by Zeus and they defeated Cronus and the titans

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7
Q

What did Cronus do?

A

Eat his kids

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8
Q

What titan was allowed to live but had to do something forever

A

Atlas, and he had to hold up the world forever

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9
Q

Who is Zeus

A

the top god, king of gods, and god of sky, thunder, lightening

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10
Q

Who was Poseidon

A

God of the sea

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11
Q

Who was hades

A

God of the underworld and death

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12
Q

Who is Hera

A

Queen of gods, goddess of marriage

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13
Q

Who is Hestia

A

Goddess of home/family

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14
Q

Who is Athena

A

Goddess of wisdom/justice

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15
Q

Who is Artemis

A

Goddess of hunt

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16
Q

Who is Apollo

A

God of prophecy, medicine and music

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17
Q

Who is Aphrodite

A

Goddess of love and beauty

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18
Q

Who is Ares

A

God of war

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19
Q

Who is Hephaestus

A

God of fire

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20
Q

Who is Hermès

A

Messenger god

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21
Q

Who were Greece’s greatest hero’s

A

Hercules, Achilles, Odysseus, Perseus, Jason, and Theseus

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22
Q

The Greeks have lots of festivals a year, over how many?

A

Over 60

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23
Q

What was the main festival and how often was it held?

A

Olympics and they were held every 4 years

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24
Q

Who was the god/goddess of winged victory

A

Nike

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25
Q

What were some events?

A

Sacrifices, music/poetry contests, and athletic contests

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26
Q

What were the athletic contests?

A

Running, throwing, wrestling, boxing, and chariot racing

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27
Q

Who was the first champion?

A

Koroibus

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28
Q

What did the winner win?

A

Olive branch wreath and free food for life

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29
Q

Who put an end to the olympics and why?

A

They were put to an end by a Christian Roman emperor named Theodosius b/c he believed they were pagan

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30
Q

Where did the modern olympics start and when?

A

In 1896 in Athens

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31
Q

What were city-states called?

A

Polis

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32
Q

City-states were what

A

Basic political units

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33
Q

What was at the center of each city

A

The acropolis and on top of the acropolis stood the temple/shrine to local god

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34
Q

Why were cities built on hills

A

For defense

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35
Q

What was at the base of the acropolis

A

A central public square called the agora

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36
Q

What happened in the agora

A

Government chose leaders/passed laws, schools, merchants/business, market/food

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37
Q

The Greeks had colonies around what

A

The med sea and Black Sea

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38
Q

What city states were the most powerful

A

Sparta and Athens

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39
Q

The Spartans came from who and were located where?

A

Came from the dorians and were located on the Peloponnesus peninsula

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40
Q

What was the spartan social class

A

Spartans owned land, non-citizens were foreigners and merchants, helots were slaves and made up 2/3 of the population

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41
Q

What was Sparta ruled by

A

2 kings and elders

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42
Q

Elders were how old and did what

A

60 and took newborns to be inspected and left on a mountain to die if sick or deformed

43
Q

Spartan boys did what

A

Lived with family and taken at 7 to train at Agoga ( boot camp ), trainer until 18 then fought, married at 30, retired at 60 and became an elder if still alive.

44
Q

Spartan girls did what

A

Stayed home and did nothing until 7 then trained in gymnastics, wrestling and boxing at home, married at 19, big role was to have strong healthy kids and provide food, had more rights than others

45
Q

What was the spartan law code

A

No retreat no surrender

46
Q

Who were the Athenians

A

Came from Mycenaeans, located on Attica peninsula, economy based on trade

47
Q

Athens was the birthplace of what

A

Democracy and western civilization

48
Q

The social class was what for Athens

A

Men had all the power, metics were foreigners, artisans and merchants, slaves did all labor and were farmers and 50% of population

49
Q

Persian Wars were what

A

The superpower at the time

50
Q

The Greeks were all for what

A

Freedom/independence

51
Q

The Persians were all for what

A

Tyranny/slavery

52
Q

Who conquered the city-state of Ionia

A

The Persian king Cyrus the 2nd

53
Q

What did the Ionians do and who became their ally

A

They revolted and Athens became their ally

54
Q

What king attacked Greece/Athens

A

Darius

55
Q

How far was the battle of marathon from Athens

A

26 miles

56
Q

Who won the battle of marathon

A

The Athenians

57
Q

Why did the Athenians win

A

Because of a battle formation called the Phalanx

58
Q

What is the legend of Pheidippides

A

He was a messenger sent from marathon to Sparta to ask for help, Sparta turned him down so he went back to marathon and found out athens was winning, so he went to Athens to tell of the news, collapsed and died

59
Q

Who is the Persian king that put together the largest army in the ancient world and how big was it

A

Xerxes and 250k

60
Q

Who was the Greek historian that said when the Persian army stopped to drink rivers ran drank

A

Herodotus the father of history

61
Q

Who was Themistocles and what did he do

A

He was a leader/general who went to the oracle at Delphi for advice from the priestess who spoke for Apollo

62
Q

What did the oracle tell Themistocles

A

That the wooden wall would prevail

63
Q

Who held off the Persian army at Thermopylae and for how long

A

King Leonidas and for 2 days

64
Q

Who betrayed the Greeks

A

Ephialtes

65
Q

What is the battle of salamis

A

A naval battle

66
Q

Athens is rebuilt and what starts

A

The golden age and classical period

67
Q

How long did Greece flourish

A

20 years

68
Q

Who is the father of democracy

A

Cleisthenes

69
Q

What is the “voice of the people”

A

The assembly

70
Q

What kind of democracy did they have

A

Direct democracy

71
Q

What is ostracism

A

To lose favor

72
Q

What happens to themistocles

A

He is exiled

73
Q

Who rules during the golden age

A

Pericles

74
Q

Since he is not married, who is Pericles’ companion

A

Aspasia

75
Q

What did the Greeks excel in during this time

A

Architecture, sculptures, painting, science, literature, and drama

76
Q

What was their artistic style

A

Classical

77
Q

What is the Parthenon

A

A temple/shrine and a bank

78
Q

The Greeks emphasized what in their art

A

Idealism

79
Q

The Greeks are famous for what activities that are held in honor of who

A

Drama/theater and festivals that are held in honor of Dionysus the god of wine, fertility, and theater

80
Q

Where were the plays performed and who performed and watched them

A

In amphitheaters, they were played and watched by men who wore masks

81
Q

What was the chorus

A

Group of 12-50 men who spoke and sang the whole play

82
Q

What were the 2 types of dramas

A

Tragedies and comedies

83
Q

Philosophy is what and what did Athens believe the mind was capable of

A

The searching of wisdom, they believed the mind could understand everything

84
Q

What are philosophers

A

Seekers of wisdom

85
Q

What are sophists

A

Knowers of wisdom

86
Q

Who was Socrates and what happened to him

A

He was the father of philosophy, he was blamed for corrupting the youth and blamed for the defeat in the Peloponnesian War, he died because he was forced to swallow hemlock

87
Q

Who was Plato

A

Founder of the academy, author of the republic and student of Socrates

88
Q

Who was Aristotle

A

Tutor of Alexander the Great, father of science, student of Plato

89
Q

Who was Thucydides

A

Someone who was very factual

90
Q

Who was Pythagoras

A

A philosopher, scientist, mathematician,

91
Q

Who is Hippocrates and what oath was named after him

A

He was the father of medicine, the Hippocratic oath was named after him, to preserve life at all costs

92
Q

What is the Delian League

A

An alliance of city-states formed by Athens to protect against Persians, 200 city-states joined ( not including Sparta )

93
Q

What did athens do that was the main cause of the Peloponnesian wars starting

A

Their empire grew so they bossed the city-states around and took money from them so they grew bitter and left the alliance

94
Q

What was the Peloponnesian League

A

An alliance of city-states that left Athens and joined Sparta

95
Q

What happens during the Peloponnesian wars

A

The Delian League hides in Athens and a plague breaks out that kills over 1/3 of Athens, weakening Athens so Sparta wins

96
Q

Who invaded Greece after the Peloponnesian Wars

A

The Macedonians, descendants of Dorians

97
Q

Who was Philip II

A

King of Macedon who was captured at 10 by Greece and loved their culture, he wanted to overthrow Greece and unite them as well as overthrow Persia

98
Q

What happened to Philip II

A

He was killed by his wife so her son could be the king

99
Q

Who was Alexander the Great

A

He was the son of Philip II and became king at 20, he was tutored by Aristotle and had a brilliant mind and was an even better military commander, he is one of the top 3 military commanders in history and never lost a battle

100
Q

What did Alexander do and how did he die

A

He stretched the empire from Egypt to India and died at 32 from malaria ( maybe )

101
Q

What are some of Alexander’s achievements

A

He unified Greece, conquered Persia, created Hellenistics and the culture, introduces idea of absolute monarchs, establishes Alexandria Egypt, center of learned and worlds largest library

102
Q

What happened after Alexander died

A

He had no heirs so his 4 generals split up the empire to rule, Cassander took Greece/Macedonia, Ptolemy took Egypt, Seleucus took Persia, Lysimachus took Asia Minor

103
Q

What are Greece’s legacies

A 
Democracy
Philosophy
Theater/drama
Alphabet/language
Olympic Games
Science
Mathematics/medicine
Architecture

World History (9 decks)

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