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Islam Flashcards

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1
Q

How long did Islamic civilization last

A

From 600-1300 A.D

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2
Q

Where do Arabs live

A

Arabian peninsula, south of Asia Minor, Saudi Arabia today

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3
Q

What is the 2nd largest ethnic group

A

Arabs

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4
Q

Where is the Arabian peninsula located

A

Between the Red Sea, Persian gulf and the Indian sea

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5
Q

What is the Arabian peninsula mostly made up of

A

Arid plains and deserts

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6
Q

What are oasis’

A

Green areas fed by underground water

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7
Q

The people were nomadic herders called what

A

Bedouins, they lived in tents that they could move quickly and had tribes made of families

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8
Q

Who is the leader of the tribes

A

Sheikhs

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9
Q

The bedouins were very what

A

Warlike and fought over camels, horses and water

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10
Q

What were the bedouins occupations

A

Herders at first, then traders that traveled on camels ( caravans )

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11
Q

What is Makkah

A

Now called Mecca, is a major city, center of worship/religion, crossroads for turf to Asia

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12
Q

Were the people polytheistic, monotheistic, or atheistic

A

Polytheistic then changed to monotheistic

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13
Q

What is their major shrine

A

The Ka’aba, a great stone beloved to be “built by Abraham”

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14
Q

What are all Muslims supposed to do at least once in their lifetime

A

Take a pilgrimage ( a holy journey ) to see the Ka’aba

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15
Q

What started the change of polytheism to monotheism

A

Traders came in contact with Jews and Christians and started to question their religion

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16
Q

Who were the first to denounce idol worship and start to worship one god

A

Hanifs ( holy men )

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17
Q

Who is Muhammad

A

A prophet of Islam ( new religion ) he was called “The prophet” or “The messenger”

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18
Q

Where was Muhammad born and what did his early life look like

A

In Mecca in A.D 750, he was orphaned at 6 and moved in with his grandpa who later dies, then moves in with his uncle, he becomes a merchant/trader and marries Khadija ( wealthy old widow ) in A.D 595

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19
Q

What was Muhammad’s first revelation

A

The angel Gabriel came when Muhammad was in a cave and told him there is one true god named “Allah”

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20
Q

What was the 2nd revelation

A

Gabriel told Muhammad to tell people to stop worshipping idols and that Allah was the one true god and they should worship him

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21
Q

What did Muhammad do after this

A

He went back to Mecca and told his family and friends of what happened and they became the first converts

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22
Q

Who were most of Muhammad’s early followers

A

The poor

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23
Q

Why did the wealthy merchants and religious leaders not like Muhammad’s preaching

A

Because people stopped buying from the merchants and people were taken from the religion

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24
Q

Muhammad’s followers fled where

A

To Medina, previously known as Yathrib

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25
Q

Muhammad’s night flight called ____ became the first year of what

A

Hijrah becomes the first year of the calendar

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26
Q

The majority of the city Medina becomes what

A

Majority of the converts

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27
Q

Medina becomes what

A

The first Islamic community in a the world

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28
Q

What is Ummah

A

A community of believers

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29
Q

War breaks out between who, what’s the result

A

War breaks out between Meccans and Muslims and muslims win

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30
Q

By A.D 630 what happens

A

Mecca “accepts” Islam as their religion and recognize Muhammad as the one true prophet

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31
Q

Why is Mecca the holiest city of Islam’s

A

Because it’s the birthplace of Muhammad

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32
Q

What is the second holiest city

A

Medina, it’s the burial place of Muhammad

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33
Q

What is the 3rd holiest place

A

Jerusalem, it’s where Muhammad takes his “night journey” to paradise ( heaven ) to visit the prophets

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34
Q

What are the beliefs of Islam’s

A

The angel Gabriel revealed the revelations to Muhammad over 22 years, the messages become the Qu’ran/Koran

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35
Q

What is the Qu’ran

A

It means to read and is the final authority of faith and it was written by his followers

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36
Q

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all have the same roots, what are they

A

They claim Abraham is the founder/patriarch, they believe he built the Ka’ba

37
Q

Who were Abraham’s 2 sons

A

Ishmael ( father or Arabs ) and Isaac ( father of Jews )

38
Q

What stories does the Qu’ran have

A

The creation, Noah/the flood, Jonah and Jesus

39
Q

Although they believe in him, what do they think Jesus is instead

A

They believe Jesus is only a prophet, they don’t believe he’s the son of God, they don’t believe in the crucifixtion/resurrection of Jesus and believe Muhammad is the most important prophet

40
Q

Shari’a Law is what

A

It governs Muslims public and private lives ( very strict )

41
Q

What is Sunna

A

The model of living set by Muhammad and an example of how to live

42
Q

What are the 5 pillars of Islam ( essential duties )

A

Shahada=there’s no god but allah and Muhammad is his last prophet
Salat=pray 5 times per day towards Mecca
Zakat=requires fasting during the day during month of Ramadan
Sanna=give alms/charity to the poor
Hajj=must take pilgrimage once during life to Mecca

43
Q

What does Islam mean

A

Submission to allah

44
Q

What is a mosque

A

A place of worship for Muslims, men and women can’t worship together

45
Q

What is a Muezzin

A

A prayer caller, goes in prayer tower and calls out prayers

46
Q

What is the imam

A

Leader of the mosque

47
Q

Does Muhammad have an heir when he dies?

A

He has no male heir, only a daughter, Fatimid

48
Q

What is the title of the new leaders

A

Caliph ( successor )

49
Q

What is a caliphate

A

A rule under a Caliph

50
Q

What were the first 4 caliphs called

A

The rightly guided caliphs

51
Q

Who were the first and last of the 4 caliphs

A

Muhammad’s FIL, Abu Bakr

Muhammad’s SIL, Ali

52
Q

What did the 4 caliphs do

A

Spread Islam throughout the Middle East with military conquests

53
Q

Muslim armies were very what

A

Successful

54
Q

What did the Muslim armies believe it was their duty to do

A

To spread the message of Islam

55
Q

Who were the biggest rivals for the Muslims

A

The Byzantine empire

56
Q

What happened with Islam

A

There was a power struggle

57
Q

What happened to Ali

A

He was murdered by Mu’awiyah

58
Q

What did Mu’awiyah do

A

Start the Umayyad dynasty

59
Q

What happened to Husayn

A

He tried to get revenge for his father, Ali, but ends up being murdered too

60
Q

What do the 2 murders result in

A

They result in the division of the Muslim world

61
Q

What were the 2 major sects

A

The Shias ( Shi’ites ) and the Sunni

62
Q

Who were the Shias

A

Shias ( shi’ites ) made up 10% of Muslims and believe Caliphs must be a direct descendant of Muhammad

63
Q

Who were the Sunnis

A

They made up 85% of Muslims and they don’t believe Caliphs must be a descendant of Muhammad

64
Q

Where do Shi’ites live and what is interesting about them

A

They live in Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Indonesia ( the largest Muslim country ), most terrorists come from this group

65
Q

What does ISIS mean

A

Islamic State in Iraq and Syria

66
Q

Where do the Sunnis mainly live and what are they

A

Arabia, North Africa, Indonesia, they are peaceful

67
Q

When the Umayyad dynasty reaches its peak what happens

A

The capital is moved from Mecca to Damascus ( Syria )
They conquered more lands= North Africa and Spain
They threaten Europe

68
Q

What does Jihad mean

A

“Struggle”

69
Q

Holy wars spread fast throughout Islam’s conquest, what are the 2 choices given to the conquered people

A

Convert to Islam or die

70
Q

What was Muslims goal

A

To convert the infidels ( non-muslims )

71
Q

Who were exempt from this choice and why

A

Christians and Jews, because they were “brothers” of Islam

72
Q

The Umayyad dynasty was the first to what

A

Unify all Arabian lands

73
Q

What were the 3 factors that unified the lands

A

All had common language=Arabic
All had common religion=Islam
All had common law code= Shari’a

74
Q

What is the 2nd dynasty

A

The Abbasid dynasty

75
Q

Who was the first Caliph of the Abbasid dynasty

A

Abu’l’abbas

76
Q

What did Abu’l’abbas do

A

Moved the capital to Baghdad

77
Q

Created the first what

A

Multicultural Arab city

78
Q

Baghdad was what

A

The center of learning/knowledge/medicine/science

79
Q

What is the House of Wisdom

A

An intellectual center that scholars/teachers from all over the world would come to

80
Q

What was Western Europe going through during Islam’s golden age

A

The dark ages

81
Q

The Abbasid dynasty was overthrown by who

A

Genghis Khan and the Mongols in A.D 1258

82
Q

Because of Islam’s anit idol worship policy artists could not what

A

Make images/pictures of living creatures

83
Q

What is calligraphy

A

Quranic art, elegant handwriting used to decorate mosques & other buildings

84
Q

How many famous mosques are there

A

4

85
Q

What is the biggest and most famous mosque

A

The Grand Mosque in Mecca = over 1k acres in size and holds about 3-3 1/2 million people

86
Q

What is the second most famous mosque

A

The Green Dome in Medina = burial place of Muhammad

87
Q

What is the third most famous mosque

A

The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem = believed to be where Muhammad ascended into paradise on his night journey

88
Q

What is the fourth most famous mosque and the most expensive mosque

A

The Endless Mosque in United Arab Emirates

89
Q

What were Islam’s legacies

A 
Arabic number system
Started 2nd largest religion
Laid foundations of modern algebra & medicine/surgery
1st hospitals and pharmacies
Art form of calligraphy
Coffee

World History (9 decks)

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