REMBE - PATHO Flashcards
The disease that closely resembles tuberculosis both clinically and histologically is
a. Osteomyelitis
b. Nasopharyngitis
c. Erysipelas
d. Histoplasmosis
(D) Histoplasmosis is a fungus infection caused by chicken or bat droppings and causes lung infection.
All of the following are complications that may occur as a result of a fracture EXCEPT:
a. Infection
b. Volkmann’s ischemic contracture
C. Crush syndrome
d. Fat embolism
(C) it is a process of elimination, Crush syndrome is not a result; it is a compression that causes shock.
A malignant neoplasm of glandular epithelium is
a. Adenoma
b. Adenocarcinoma
c. Papilloma
d. Basal cell carcinoma
(B). the only carcinoma that has glandular arrangement.
which of the following neoplasm is malignant?
a. fibroma
b. chondroma
c. osteoma
d. neuroblastoma
(D) Only neuroblastoma is malignant; the others are benign.
A change from columnar epithelium to squamous epithelium may occur in chronic inflammations or vitamin A deficiency; this is called:
a. Metaplasia
b. Anaplasia
c. Neoplasia
d. Hyperplasia
(A) The word meta means change, which is the clue.
A condition in which the loss of cellular and organizational differentiation tends to parallel the degree of malignancy is
a. Metaplasia
b. Anaplasia
c. Neoplasia
d. Hyperplasia
(B) The other answers refer to growth of a cell.
The vitamin essential or important in callus production in fracture repair is
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin C
c. Vitamin B1
d. Vitamin B12
(B) Vitamin C is necessary for wound healing and fracture.
Which of the following factors are pathogenetic of the edema resulting from congestive heart failure?
a. Decreased cardiac output
b. Increased blood supply to various organs and tissues
c. Increased excretion of sodium by the kidneys
d. Decreased blood volume and elevated venous pressure
(A) as the cardiac outpus is decreased, blood supply and excretion of sodium decreases and blood volume increases with elevated venous pressure.
A megaloblastic anemia that results from a deficiency of vitamin B12 is known as
a. Normocytic anemia
b. Macrocytic anemia
c. Microcytic anemia
d. Pernicious anemia
(D) this is a definition of pernicious anemia.
The lymphoid system is composed of all of the following EXCEPT
a. Bone marrow
b. Thymus
c. Liver
d. Spleen
(C) The liver is not involved in the lymph system.
All of the following are features of basophils EXCEPT
a. Common with most cells in connective tissue
b. Have cytoplasmic granules
c. Present in large numbers in exudate
d. Contain histamine and heparin
(C) They are present in small numbers in exudate.
In congestive heart disease, which of the following organs is most seriously affected due to the decreased blood supply that ensues?
a. Lungs
b. Kidneys
c. Intestines
d. Brain
(B) due to the function of the kidneys in regard to normal body function.
All of the following properties are generally associated with immunological reaction
EXCEPT
a. Memory
b. Self-recognition
c. Specificity
d. Forgetfulness
(D) forgetfulness is not associated with immunologic reaction.
A hemorrhagic condition in which the hemorrhages are small and punctate is referred to as
a. Purpura
b. Melena
c. Ecchymosis
d. Petechiae
(B) definition of this condition and its location.
A hemorrhage that is discrete and localized within a tissue is referred to as a
a. Hematoma
b. Hematuria
c. Hemoptysis
d. Hematemesis
(A) Definition of this condition according to its location.
In differentiating diabetes mellitus from diabetes insipidus, the latter condition
a. Is closely related to the former
b. Is associated with pituitary disease
c. Results from insulin deficiency
d. Is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism
(B) Insipidus is associated with the pituitary gland while mellitus is associated with the pancreas.
Avitaminosis A or vitamin A deficiency in the diet leads to
a. Peripheral neuritis, a widespread edema, and myocardial weakness
b. Development of pernicious anemia
c. A decrease in the integrity of the endothelial lining of capillaries leading to petechia throughout the body
d. A degeneration of the epithelium of the respiratory and digestive tracts and certain glands
(D) Vitamin A deficiency affects the epithelium lining of various organs and tracts.
An upset in the mechanisms controlling fluid balance of a tissue produces edema. The basic cause of edema is
a. An increase in the permeability of the capillary endothelium
b. Decreased capillary blood pressure
c. Increased plasma colloidal osmotic pressure
d. Increased extravascular tissue pressure
(A) an increase in the hydrostatic pressure causes edema.
The condition of uremia results from renal insufficiency. Characteristics of this condition are
a. Anemia
b. High blood urea levels
c. High creatinine levels
d. Low nonprotein nitrogen levels
(A) It interferes with the normal blood flow and the interaction with the kidney.
Differentiate between heat stroke and heat exhaustion. The former condition is one in which
a. A high temperature overwhelms the body’s temperature
b. The skin is tepid
c. The skin is cold and clammy
d. The oral temperature is low
(A) Chief cause of heat stroke.
Inflammation is a local reaction in which the body attempts to remove some irritant that has been introduced into the tissues. This reaction or process may be caused by
a. Trauma, even though no bacteria are present
b. Acute infections resulting from the presence of bacteria
c. Frostbite
d. All of the above
(D) the answer is self-explanatory; all are correct.
Active hyperemia refers to an increased flow of arterial blood to a part as a result of arteriolar dilatation produced by
a. Nervous stimuli
b. Defective cardiac action
c. Pressure of tumor mass
d. Thrombosis of a vein
(A) This is produced by emotion or nervous stimuli.
Which of the following is a type of necrosis?
a. Lack of coagulation
b. Lack of liquefaction
c. Lack of caseation
d. Gangrene
(D) Necrosis is another term for dead tissue - the same as gangrene.
The characteristic cell type involved in a chronic inflammatory process is the
a. Eosinophil
b. Lymphocyte
c. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte
d. Mast cell
(B) these are the predominant cells in chronic inflammation, while eosinophils are present in acute inflammation.