DUTTON SET B (251-500) Flashcards
On which bone is the tine of the vibrating tuning fork placed when administering the Rinne test?
A. Spinous process of C2
B. Mastoid process
C. Center of the forehead
D. Stapes
Answer: B
Rationale: The Rinne test is used to assess the integrity of the vestibulocochlea nerve (CN VIII) by comparing bone conduction hearing with air conduction hearing.
Broca’s aphasia (expressive aphasia) is a common manifestation resulting from a CVA that affects which of the following arteries?
A. Basilar artery
B. Posterior cerebral artery
C. Middle cerebral arterv
D. Anterior cerebral artery
Answer: C
Rationale: Broca’s area receives its blood supply from the middle cerebralartery.
What is the name given to the type of skin graft that uses cadaverskin?
A. Allograft
B. Autograft
C. Xenograft
D. Homograft
Answer: A
Rationale: An allograft is a graft between two genetically dissimilar individuals of the same species.
You have been asked to present an in-service on three out of four published Journal articles that your director has given you. You make your choice by eliminating the research study with the poorest level of evidence grading. Of the following types of study, which has the poorest level of evidence grading?
A. Case report
B. Case study
C. Cohort study
D. Randomized controlled trial
Answer: A
Rationale: The case report has the poorest level of evidence grading. All those listed the randomized control trial has the highest.
You are treating a patient in acute care hospital. The patient’s vital signs are being monitored prior to physical therapy.
Which of the following temperature values would be classified as normal?
A. 36°C
B. 37°C
C. 38°C
D. 39°C
Answer: B
Rationale: 37°C (98.6°F) is considered normal.
You are examining a patient who is three days status post head injwry. You note that the patient is demonstrating decorticate posturing. This type of posturing is characterized by:
A. The upper extremities positioned in extension and the lower extremities positioned in flexion
B. The upper extremities positioned in flexion and the lower extremities positioned in flexion
C. The upper extremities positioned in extension and the lower extremities positioned in extension
D. The upper extremities positioned in flexion and the lower extremities positioned in extension
Answer: D
Rationale: Decorticate posturing is usually indicative of a lesion at or above the upper brainstorm. It is characterized by abnormal flexor responses in the upper extremities and extensor responses in the lower extremities.
All of the following are considered part of the rotator cuff, except.
A. Infraspinatus
B. Teres major
C. Subscapularis
D. Supraspinatus
Answer: B
Rationale: The ters major is considered part of the rotator cuff. It is the teres minor that is part of the rotator cuff.
You are treating a patient with C5 tetraplegia who begins to demonstrate signs and symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia.
Which of the following vital signs, if monitored, would validate the presence of this condition?
A. Pulse rate
B. Respiratory rate
C. Blood pressure
D. Body temperature
Answer: C
Rationale: In this medical emergency, blood pressure often rises dramatically.
Which axis of movement is utilized with shoulder abduction?
A. Sagittal-horizontal
B. Frontal
C. longitudinal
D. Oblique
Answer: A
Rationale: Shoulder abduction typically occurs around a sagittal-horizontal axis.
During pregnancy, the presence of the hormone relaxin can lead to abnormal joint hypermobility and pain, MOST frequently affecting the
A. Sacroiliac joints
B. Shoulder joints
C. Joints of the hands and feet
D. Temporomandibular joints
Answer: A
Rationale: The sacroiliac joint is the most affected due to its heavy reliance on ligamentous support.
As part of the plan of care for a patient with low back pain, you elect to use conventional TENS. Theoretically, how does conventional TENS modulate the pain?
A. Spinal gating control
B. Descending inhibition
C. It takes the patient’s mind off the pain
D. stimulation of the endorphin system
Answer: A
Rationale: Spinal gating control occurs through stimulation of the large myelinated A alpha fibers, which inhibits transmission of the smaller pain transmitting unmyelinated C fibers, and myelinated A delta fibers.
Which of the following statements is not a common physiologic change of aging?
A. Increase in resting and exercising blood pressure
B. Decrease in residual volume
C. Osteopenia
D. Maximal oxygen uptake decreases
Answer: B
Rationale: The residual volume does not decrease with aging–it doubles.
What is the term used to describe the condition in which there is too much carbon dioxide in the systemic arteries, which is generally caused by hypoventilation, lung disease, diminished consciousness, or by rebreathing exhaled carbon dioxide.
A. Нурохета
B. Hypercapnia
С. Нуроха
D. Dyspnea
Answer: B
Rationale: Hypercapnia is the correct term.
The following are true statements conceining pulmonary function tests, except:
A. FEV1 results are verv low in patients with asthma and emphvsema
B. FEV1/FVC % results are low in patients with asthma and emphysema
C. TLC results are low in patients with asthma and emphysema
D. FEV1FVC % results are high in patients with restrictive fibrosis
Answer: C
Rationale: TLC results are normal or high in patients with asthma and emphysema.
Which of the following diagnostic imaging techniques would not be considered invasive?
A. arthrography
B. myelography
C. discography
D. computerized tomography
Answer: D
Rationale: All of the other procedures involve an injection of a substance.
Which of the following treatment objectives would be the most likely to be reimbursed by a third party paver?
A. maintain strength of major muscle groups
B. prevent scar tissue and contractures
C. maintain range of motion
D. improve cardiovascular endurance
Answer: D
Rationale: Reimbursement is unlikely for objectives that just maintam status, or for prevention.
You are attempting to auscultate over the aortic valve on a patient. The most appropriate area to auscultate is:
A. second right intercostal space at the right sternal border
B. second left intercostal space at the left sternal border
C. fourth left intercostal space along the lower left sternal border
D. fifth left intercostal space at the midclavicular line
Answer: A
Rationale: This is the correct location.
The most consistent laboratory finding with a patient who has been diagnosed with chronic respiratory alkalosis is:
A. elevated arterial blood pH, low PaCO,
B. low arterial blood pH, elevated PaCOz
C. elevated arterial blood pH, elevated PaCO2
D. low arterial blood pH, low PaCO2
Answer: A
Rationale: This is the lab finding associated with chronic respiratory alkalosis.
A patient recently diagnosed with a deep venous thrombophlebitis is placed on heparin. The primary side effect associated with heparin is:
A. hypotension
B. hypertension
C. excessive anticoagulation
D. Increased sweating
Answer: C
Rationale: Heparin is an anti-coagulant.
What is the minimal blood glucose level that is considered too high for a diabetic patient to begin exercise?
A. 250 mg/dl
B. 400 mg/dI
C. 500 mg/dI
D. 600 mg/di
Answer: A
Rationale: A blood glucose level of 250 mg/dl is considered too high for exercise.
A patient is sitting at a table and performing elbow flexion exercises using a dumbbell as resistance. This exercise demonstrates what class of lever?
A. First class
B. Second-class
C. Third class
D. Fourth class
Answer: C
Rationale: This is an example of a 3rd class lever.
Which of the following tissues absorbs the least amount of an ultrasound beam at 1 MHz?
A. Blood
B. Muscle
C. Bone
D. Skin
Answer: A
Rationale: Absorption is based on tissue density. Blood transports thermal energy in and out of the tissue as blood flows.
You are examining a patient with a history of congestive heat failure. You notice that the patient has some peripheral edema. Which of the following factors are pathenogenetic of this edema?
A. Increased blood supply to the various organs and tissues
B. Increased excretion of sodium by the kidneys
C. Decrease cardiac output
D. Decreased blood volume and elevated venous pressure
Answer: C
Rationale: As the cardiac output is decreased, blood supply and excretion of sodium decreases and blood volume increases with elevated venous pressure.
You are presenting a departmental in-service on the lymphoid system. The lymphoid system is composed of all ofthe following except:
A. Bone marrow
B. thymus
C. Liver
D. Spleen
Answer: C
Rationale: The liver is not involved in the lymph system.