Religion under Edward chapter 14 Flashcards
what would be the significance of major religious changes under the reign of Edward?
July 1547: Issues of royal injunctions which are radical in nature
Dec 1547: Dissolution of the chantries
January 1549: Act of uniformity, publication of the book of common prayer
may 1549: book of common prayer is introduced
March 1552: second act of uniformity, second book of common prayer
December 1552: revised book of common prayer is introduced
June 1553: 42 articles of religion is introduced.
what would be the significance of religious change under Somerset?
this would see a move in the direction of protestantism, Somerset himself would be a late convert to protestantism and would welcome radicals such as John Hooper.
The policy under Somerset would prove to be cautious, this would be exemplified by the moderate book of common prayer, this would be written by archbishop Cranmer who himself would be weary. The book would have two key objectives, it would establish a single form of services within the Church of England and it would translate services into English, there would also be an ambiguous Eucharistic declaration which the catholic bishop Gardiner would suggest would still imply the presence of transubstantiation.
The power of Somerset would experience a sustained attack on the popular religious practice, especially in London.
what would be the significance of protestantism?
convinced protestants would still be in the small minority and it would be suggested that in 1547 20% of Londoners would be protestant. Vocal supporters of protestantism would include Nicholas Ridley who would be well placed among the supporters of Somerset. Kent, east Anglia, Sussex, Essex, Bristol would be key places where there would be protestant minorities. There would still be a large Catholic view among the north a the midland.
what would be key religious change under Somerset and what would be the significance of this?
Feb 1547: denunciation of images in London- this would be changed due to the radical attitude of people such as Nicholas Ridley. Ridley would be supported within government and protestant activists, those who engaged in iconoclasm .
July 1547: injunctions would be issues, which would reflect the radical attitude of government and would attack many features of the popular Catholicism such as lights and images.
December 1547: Dissolution of the chanties and religious guilds, crown needed the money for fp and, chantries, guilds and lay brotherhoods would abolish their property seized by the crown- further attack on Catholicism.
May 1549: introduction of the book of common prayer, need for uniform approach to religious articles. This would impose a more moderate approach to religious reform which had been followed in 47.
how would Cranmer encourage the acceptance of religious change?
He would publish the book of homilies and these would be off the shelf substitutes for sermons and this would encourage obedience to both church and state.
what would be the significance of the social impact of these religious changes?
This would be highly significant, this would lead to a renewed way of dealing with the resources of the church. There would be the subsequent attack on the chantries and the attack on their resources would mean that the crown would destroy a way for the dead to be connected to the living. There would be the fear that this would lead to widespread stripping of the church and their resources.
what would be the strategy that Northumberland would have in relation to religious change?
he wished to continue the reforms that had been set out by Somerset.
He would want to plunder more of the wealth of the church.
what would be the key changes that would be set out in the revised book of common prayer?
removal of the remaining “conservative” ceremonies, conservatives could no longer find anything in the prayer book that they would accept.
Rewriting of baptism, confirmation and burial services, this would show Cranmer and his desire to have greater simplicity in the church.
Radical reform of Communion service, including the replacement of wafer by ordinary bread- this would show influence of the Zwinglianism in the eucharist declaration.
Ban on the use of popish vestments, seen as objects of superstition, simpler clerical vestments were seen as more in keeping with the simpler approach to services.
restriction on the use of church music, this would reflect greater simplicity in the church.
why was the religious change of Northumberland seen to be more radical?
1, the cautious Cranmer would be becoming more and more radical. This would be reflected in the more radical book of common prayer in 1552.
2, more radical senior clergy such as Nicholas Ridley and John Hooper were becoming more influential.
3, The continental reformers such as Martin Bucer and Peter Martyr had moved to England and would be becoming more influential.
4, Edward would be becoming more involved in the making of policy, they king would take his role as the head of state very serious.
the firmly protestant nature of this doctrine would be confirmed in Cranmer’s 42 articles.
what was the significance of more protestant doctrine?
This would leave some ambiguity between the competing views of protestantism. There would still be a policy that would seek to strip the church of its assets for example there would be the plan to split the bishopric of Durham, this would never happen.
what was the impact on society from all of the religious change?
The evident suggests that the crowns orders to get rid of the old Catholic ways were gradually put into effect, though responses to the 1553 restoration of catholicism were rapid. Expenditure on church goods declined after 1540 this was in reaction to the destructive nature of the crown, people did not see the point in leaving money to the church.
The small evidence from wills suggest that people were much less likely leave money to their parish church.
Historian Christopher Haigh would say that this would represent nothing more than a crisis at parish level, there was also evidence in a decline of church attendance in the diocese of Exeter.
in 1550 the radical Hooper suggested that the pace of reform was hampered by the uncooperative public opinion. There was also a fear of what the crown could do to the parish, many parishes would avoid this by selling their treasures. in 1553 the crown began to confiscate church plate, this would attack the treasures of the church.
what was the significance of the 42 articles of religion?
these were issues by Archbishop Cranmer in June 1553, this would define the essentials of the Church of England. These were never implemented due to the kings coming death.
what is the significance of the evidence from wills?
70% of northern will’s between 1540-46 left money to their church, only 32% did so in Edwards reign.
what were the economic changes under Somerset?
There were a number of reasons that there was discontent during Somerset’s reign.
- inflationary pressures
- agrarian issues, such as enclosure
- taxation.
Somerset would continue the economic policy of Henry that would lead to inflationary pressures, this included measures such as debasing the coinage.
A poor harvest in 1548 heightened these pressures.
Enclosure became a serious political problem, Somerset would be influenced by Hales who argued that enclosure was the root of much of the country’s social and political problems- he would issue a proclamation against it.
Taxation also caused discontent this was due to the money that had to be raised to solve the Scottish war.
There was also a tax on sheep.
what was the significance of economic changes under Northumberland?
he was able to achieve more stability, he brought to an end the wars against Scotland and France, this brought a decrease to the crown’s expenditure. There was also £133,333 which was a payment for returning Boulogne.
