chapter one- Henry 7th Consolidation of power Flashcards
what happened at the Battle of Bosworth and why is that so significant?
22nd August 1485
Henry marched to Wales with 2000 men, he would get his money to fight against Richard from Charles 8th of France, this was so that France didn’t have to deal with the Yorkists anymore.
August 12th, henry had masses of support from people in Wales.
Henry also confided in the Stanley family (his step family) and Gilbert Thomas who gave him money and 500 men.
Richard 3rd first assumed that Henry did not pose a threat and that the people of Wales would not let him invade.
Henry had a force of 5000 (Stanley would also have a force of 3000 men) Richard had a force of 12,000 men though most of these were from the Stanley family, they could not be trusted as they often supported the side with the most generous in victory. Henry had long bow men which would inflict serious wounds
The William Stanley family would attack Richard and it would lead to his death.
This battle is important as it would signify the first Tudor king and would the beginning of a powerful dynasty which would end in 1603.
what happened after the Battle of Bosworth?
it was easy to Henry to gain public support as he was not Richard whom was a majorly suspicious character. he would be welcomed back into London with mounds of pageantry and celebration.
why did Henry not have a strong claim to the throne?
His claim to the throne defended from his mothers side of the family and one of Henry ascendants John Beaufort was seen as illegitimate. Henry would become, king because there were no other options and he had victory in battle.
what was Thomas Lord Stanley?
he would help Henry win the battle of Bosworth and was given the title Earl of Derby and this was key to him exercising royal power in the northwest and north Wales during henrys reign.
What were henrys aims?
he had not been raised to rule and he spent most of his childhood as a fugitive to the Duchy of Brittany. in 1485 his main goal was to make sure that he kept the throne and was mindful that his predecessor would meet his ends as king- he needed to consolidate his power.
who was Edward Earl of warwick?
the son of the Duke of Clarence, he was imprisoned in 1485. he was alleged to have plotted an attack against Henry with Warbeck and would be beheaded.
who was sir William Stanley?
he was Henrys step-uncle and was rewarded with the post of lord chamberlain after Bosworth. he would gain considerable power and it would be a shock when he accused of treason.
what ways did Henry consolidate his power?
he dated his reign from the 21 August so that anyone who fought against him could be a traitor.
he rewarded many key people and gave 11 knighthoods
he would detain the earl of Warwick as he would have a much greater claim to the throne
he made key appointments to his council for example making sir William Stanley chamberlain of the household.
he would be coronated on the 30 October a week before his first session with parliament to solidify that he had a hereditary right to be there.
there would an acts of attainder against the Yorkists who fought at Bosworth and their property was forfeit to the crown. he was also given tonnage and poundage for life
he married Elizabeth of York after his coronation to make sure that she would not have any claim to the throne, he would also make the Tudor rose which would be a combination of the Lancaster and York rose.
they would produce an heir to the throne in Prince Arthur in 1486.
what happened during the Lambert Simnel rebellion?
he bears resilience to the Earl of Warwick, whom is a good person to imitate as he has a strong lineage, he was the son of George Duke of Clarence.
to no surprise, John de la pole and the Earl of Lincoln was behind the scheme.
Simnel will go to Ireland first as they have a strong relationship with the Yorkist faction.
equally, John De La Pole will go to Burgundy to see Margaret of Burgundy to gain financial support. Margaret used to be a Yorkist herself as her brother was King Richard the 3rd. Viscount Lovell will also join them. she would not approve of the usurpation of Henry 7th and the removal of a number of trading rights that she had.
they will next go to Ireland where Simnel is crowned King of Ireland and this adds legitimacy to his claim, Margeret of Burgundy will send 2000 men to aid Simnel in Ireland. Many of the leading Irish Magnates would support Simnel.
though Henry will parade the actual Earl of Warwick.
the Yorkists will next go to the north but they will gain minimal support as people are ready for the wars of the roses to end.
the battle of stokefield, 1487 Henry will win and would have 12,000 men 4,000 more than Simnel.
some would say that Henry was lenient after stoke as he only attained 28 men and he could have attained many more. Simnel would not be executed and he would become a kings falconer.
Henry would be forced to retain Kildare.
the fact that the rebellion ended in battle adds a greater level of threat.
The threat of Perkin Warbeck?
he would develop an interest in the Yorkist faction and they would realise that he would look like Richard Duke of York. in 1490, they would go to Ireland to impersonate the duke and Kildare would more back Warbeck and Henry would even dispatch troops, there was a clear threat of a rebellion.
in 1492, Charles 8th would receive him as prince and this would add legitimacy to his claim, the French do not like Henry.
Warbeck would go to Margaret of Burgundy and the treaty of etaples was signed, Margaret would tutor him. Archduke Phillip would gain control of Burgundy and Henry would protest about warbeck and would introduce a trade ban.
Warbeck would be welcomed at the court of the new Holy Roman Empire in 1493 and maximillian said he would pass his claim to him.
in 1494 Henry would uncover sir William stanley as a spy.
1495- Warbeck would attempt to go to deal but would go to Ireland and enlist the support of the earl of Desmond though would be shunned away by Edward Poying.
1495- he would flee to Scotland and would be given a royal welcome and would marry James 4th cousin and this would add legitimacy to his claim. though James would sign the truce of Dayton and so warlock would move again to Ireland and they would reject him in 1497.
he would soon land in Cornwall to try and profit from the antagonism felt towards Henry and he would receive little support.
1498- he would be transferred to the tower and would be executed in 1499 due to his escape attempt.
many people would not believe the threat of Warbeck though some important men would.
how serious was warlocks threat?
his threat would last 8-9 years and he would do things that would add legitimacy to his claim for example he would gain support from Charles 8th and Henry would feel the need to dispatch troops.
though his threat would never amount to any serious battle for example the battle of stoke field with simnel.
warlock would not gain a lot of support and Henry would use his power against him.
the threat of viscount Lovell and Stafford brothers, 1486
Lovell tried to raise support in the north which is the heartland of Henry and Humphrey Stafford tried to raise support in the midlands. They would try and take Worcester though they were failed. Viscount lovell would escape to Flanders, Humphrey Stafford was captured and executed and his younger brother Thomas would be pardoned.
the earl of Warwick
he was an innocent victim of political manoeuvrings and aged only ten in 1485 would spend his life in confinement and then in 1499 he would be executed as he was accused on escaped with Warbeck.
Edmund de la pole, earl of Suffolk and Richard de la pole, 1499-1506
Suffolk would flee to burgundy in 1498 due to him killing a man and not being able to appear before his peers. though he would be encouraged to come back by Henry where they would have amicable relations. Though in 1501 he would go to the court of Maximillion 1st, he would never expel the de la pole despite the promises. he would be tutored by Margaret of Burgundy and this relation would last until 1506. the treaty of Windsor was signed in 1506 and this meant that more friendly relations were restored and Suffolk would be returned and imprisoned. the other brother, Richard de la pole would be nicknamed the “white rose” and would be killed in battle.
the threat would be brought to an end by the death of Isabella of Castile and this would lead Phillip and would extract £138,000 from Henry and in return would surrender Suffolk.
Henry and his birth
Henry would be born in Wales and due to the death of his father would later flee to Brittany with Jasper Tudor, he would not be trained to become king rather he would be trained to be in the courts. Jasper and Henry would seek exile in 1471.
