Mary 1st and her ministers- chapter 15 Flashcards
what was the significance of the failure of Northumberland’s Devyse?
After learning that Northumberland planned to proclaim Mary Jane Grey Queen, Mary was able to amass support. Northumberland summoned troops and sent naval troops to summon Mary should she try and escape, Yet, other members of the council proclaimed Mary Queen on 19th July 1553.
He failed to interfere in the legitimate succession of a Queen, many people believed that this was simply an attempt to gain power. His behaviour was illegal and upset many in his council, yet Mary had acted bravely and was able to amass support from key figures.
what is the historiography of the accession of Mary?
The scale of people’s devotion towards Mary reflected their own devotion to the Catholic faith.
what did government look like under Mary? what issues did she face?
Mary saw the restoration of Catholic faith as being a primitive issue. Though, she inherited a kingdom that was divided, there was a loud protestant minority. Mary was also not brought up assuming that she would take the role as Queen. Key people in her government also had no experience for example Robert Rochester. Mary was therefore reliant on the figures that surrounded her half-brother.
what was the significance of Mary and her councillors?
bishop Stephen Gardiner, was a key upholder of religious conservatism. Lord Paget, who was also conservative.
Many appointed 50 councillors during her reign, some historians would note that this would inevitably lead to division, her decision to marry Phillip of Spain was also never discussed with the council.
Yet, there was a working council that was more focus-driven this included members such as William Paget, yet he was in opposition to her religious programme.
Mary and her parliament?
80 MP’s at the time opposed the reversal of the Edwardian religious legislation, there were also cases were MP’s would go against crown policy. A bill in 1555 to allow the seizure of property of Protestant exiles was also defeated, the issue of succession was also a key quarrel.
what was the significance of Mary and her marriage to Phillip?
Mary felt that she needed to get married in order to secure the succession, Edward Courtenay was seen as being the correct person, he was Gardiner’s choice. Though, he did lack the courtly skills. she made her preference for Phillip of spain clear, his father Charles V offered support to Mary. There was hostility towards the matter in England, there was a marriage treaty that was drawn up by Mary which aimed to quell fears, which stated that Phillip would have no claim to the English throne. The marriage was drawn up in 1554, yet Phillip aimed to spend as little time as possible with his wife, in 1555 parliament prevented Phillip’s coronation as King.
what were the plans for succession?
The succession Act of 1544 had been restored which stated that Mary was to be succeeded by Elizabeth, yet Elizabeth was a protestant. Following the Wyatt’s rebellion, and Elizabeth’s imprisonment, Mary was willing to prevent Elizabeth from charges of treason. Mary was forced to accept that as she had no children, Elizabeth was to be her heir.
what were Mary’s foreign policy aims?
to restore papal supremacy
to marry Phillip
what was the significance of Mary’s FP?
There were tensions in Europe that Mary would struggle to remain neutral in, for example there was the Franco-Spanish conflict. England was forced to be dragged into the war against the French, Mary was effectively at war against the papacy.
England declared war on France in 1557, this was after the landing of French troops which were led by Thomas Stafford, the grandson of the Duke of Buckingham
This campaign had a good start, the English assisted the Spanish at the successful siege of St Quentin.
Though, it soon failed in 1558 with the loss of Calais, and the attack on port of Brest failed.
what was the significance of naval and militia reforms during this time?
Mary’s reign witnessed significant naval and militia reforms, there was £14,000 that was given to the Navy. Though, these reforms lay the base for the English defeat at the Spanish Armada.
what was significant about Mary’s war with France?
When the Treaty of Vaucelles was ended, Phillip attacked the anti-spanish pope Paul and England was lulled into the war. Yet, to Mary she was forced to go to war against the pope
how significant was the loss of Calais?
this was an economic restraint
image and morale, kings of England had long claimed this land.
Calais was the last the territory that the French had to claim.
This was a clear sign of the failed anglo-habspurg alliance
