Relaxation Flashcards
Schwartz et al 1978
different interventions that can selectively benefit different types of anxiety
- exercise = physical anxiety
- Meditation = cognitive
Pfaltz et al 2010
physical tension is usually episodic and unstable
- tightness in muscles = neck, shoulders etc
- headaches and agitation
Castaneda et al 2008
Mental tension is- distraction poor cconcentration negative interpretation future thinking (negative)
Amstadter 2008
Emotional tension:
- worry
- fear
- upset
Alidina & Cooper 2012
Relaxation improves sleep
Manzoni et al 2008
effectivity of treatment varies between patients and so people should be encouraged to try different forms and combinations to get the best results
Types of relaxation
Meditation
PMR
Guided imagery
Breathing exercises
Walsh & Shaprio 2006
Meditation is syncing thoughts, attention and body to enhance holistic harmony
HOWEVER…there is no universal definition
Stevens 2010
Historically, meditation has been categorised by passive and active forms
Carlson et al 2001
Considerable evidence for physical health
Rubia 2009
stress-related autonomic and endocrine measures
Dakwar & Levin 2009
Meditation- wealth of MH benefits
PMR developed by
Jacboson 1934
Carlson & Hoyle 1993
Evidence found PMR to have moderate effect for people with psychophysiological and stress related disorders
Green 2011
PMR supports a client to recognise tension earlier but also to de-escalate more rapidly
It also regulates the parasympathetic response to anxiety-provoking conditions
Practicing PMR can mean
A client is able to relax without a script or engaging the contrasting tension
Speckans er al 2007
Panic clients may catastrophise actions or outcomes
Cognitive example of anxiety
McNeill et al 2007
Social anxiety- patients see themselves in the environment they are anxious about
Holmes et al 2008
Imagery can enhance emotion for example McNeill et al 2007 because images are powerful unquestioned thoughts
- evidence for GI
GI should appeal to…
all the senses to entirely engage a client
Drawbacks of GI
Some clients are unable to emerge themselves in a GI situation through fear of losing control
You are asking a client to focus all their attention on one thing however acknowledging concentration is a common factor to decrease in anxiety patients
Mayo-Wilson & Montgomery 2007
GI is most effective when accompanied by a audio recorded guide
Wolburg et al 2010
Breathing difficulties as a result of anxiety are commonly different shallow vs rapid
Anxiogenic effect is…
provokes fear and panic
Meuret et al 2008
balance blood gases by regulating breathing
Two benefits of regulating breathing
- Meuret et al 2008: balances blood gases
2. gives client something to focus on instead of rumination
Sessa 2007
Counting breaths
Herrick & Ainsworth 2000
Diaphramatic breathing, deliberate and technical regulation
