Relationships Flashcards
Who created the hierarchy of needs?
Maslow
What are the order of the hierarchy of needs?
Physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem and self-actualisation
What did Festinger find about proximity?
Looked at interpersonal friendshipships on uni campuses and found that students made friends based on proximity living locations. Incidental features lead to social connections to form
What did moreland and beach find about familiarity?
Looked at how variations of the presence of people changes how you look at their attractiveness. Girls they saw more often in lectures are considered more atttractive
What did Kendrick and Johnson explore the effect of?
Aversive conditions on interpersonal attraction
How did Kendrick and Johnson explore the effect of aversive conditions on interpersonal attraction?
Had women put in pairs doing a questionnaire and some had aversive noises throughout and others didn’t. those who heard the aversive noises liked the pair more than the other condition
What did Cohen et al investigate?
exposed 276 adults to the cold virus and assessed their social levels.
What did cohen et al conclude
That those with high social levels are less likely to get objectively affected by the cold
What are human beings motivated by?
A fundamental need to belong
What did Williams, Cheung and Choi create to study ostracism?
Cyberball
What did Williams, Cheung and Choi’s results show?
That participants who were excluded in the game of cybermall felt more threatened and had a higher negative mood
How did Gonsalkorale and Williams adapt Williams, Cheung and Choi’s previous study?
They had participants be told they were playing against one of three political groups (same as them, different to them, or Australian KKK)
What did Gonsalkorale and Williams find?
That across all political groups, excluded participants felt much worse no matter which political party.
What did Baumeister et al investigate?
effects of anticipated social exclusion on cognitive functioning
What did Baumeister find?
participants who heard they had a future alone and not belonging performed worse on an intelligence test. Social exclusion interferes with their cognitive capacities
Which areas of the brain did Eisenberger, Lieberman and Williams find to be active when excluded in cyberball?
Anterior cingulate cortex and the right ventral prefrontal cortex.
Both associated with feelings of physical pain
Why may exclusion hurt like physical pain?
evolutionary advantage
What did Wiederman find men seemed for in a partner?
Attractiveness - men are more likely to say this and women are more likely to describe themselves as this
What did Wiederman find women looked for in a partner?
Financial resources- men more likely to say they have this and women to say they want it
When do gender differences for wants in a partner disappear?
When the person answers honestly, about real people and not hypothetical and exposed to similar mating contexts
What was the ideal number of sexual partners for men and women?
Men- 7 (mean)
Women- 2-3 (mean)
What was the modal value for ideal partners in both genders?
1
What did Alexander and Fischer find about levels of experience?
Men and women the same when using an polygraph
Eastwick and Finked researched and found what?
Set up speed dating and found strong gender differences in ideal partner at start of night but no gender differences at end of the night
