Regulation of Gene Expression Flashcards
How gene regulation is related to gene expression:
Gene regulation is the control of where and when gene expression (transcription and translation) occurs.
With few exceptions, the cells in an organism have the same / different DNA sequences, because these cells are generated by the process of _______.
The same, mitosis
Most gene regulation occurs at the level of _______.
Transcription
Epigenetic versus genetic change:
Epigenetic changes alter gene expression by affecting the chromatin structure or DNA packaging, but do not change the DNA sequence. A change to the DNA
sequence is a genetic change.
Type of epigenetic|General change|General change
modification |that could | that could
| increase | decrease
|transcription |transcription
————————–|———————-|———————–
Chromatin | Relaxed / | Relaxed /
remodeling | compacted | compacted
| chromatin | chromatin
Relaxed, compacted
Type of epigenetic|General change|General change
modification |that could | that could
| increase | decrease
|transcription |transcription
————————–|———————-|———————-
Histone tail |Modification | Modification
modifications | that makes | that makes
|chromatin | chromatin
|more open / | more open /
|closed | closed
Open, closed
Type of epigenetic|General change|General change
modification |that could | that could
| increase | decrease
|transcription |transcription
————————–|———————-|———————-
Chromatin | Increased / | Increased /
remodeling | Decreased | Decreased
| methylation | methylation
Decreased, increased
What is UTR an abbreviation for?
Untranslated region
Where are UTRs found in the mRNA?
At the 5’ and 3’ ends of the mRNA
What is the purpose of UTRs?
These sequences contain binding sites for proteins that regulate translation and degradation of the mRNA. They control the process of translation initiation and other aspects of translation.
