Cell Communation Flashcards
Three examples of how cells might change their behavior after receiving a signal:
a.
b.
c.
Express certain genes, carry out chemical reactions, change shape
Types of molecules involved in cell communication:
a.
b.
c.
Signal molecule (ligand), Receptor protein, signal transduction proteins
If the same signal causes a different response in two different cells, what proteins might be different between the two cells?
Signal transduction proteins
Two features all receptors in cell communication have in common:
a.
b.
Bind specific ligands, change shape after binding to ligand (receptor activation)
Type of interaction | Action that | Action that
or change | activates | terminates
——————————————————————————-
| Ligand is |Ligand unbinds|
| present and | from the |
__________ | binds to the | receptor and |
| receptor | diffuses away |
Ligand to receptor interactions
Type of interaction | Action that | Action that
or change | activates | terminates
——————————————————————————-
| Exchange of | GTP hydrolysis|
__________ | bound GDP | to GDP |
| for GTP | |
G protein
Type of interaction | Action that | Action that
or change | activates | terminates
——————————————————————————-
| The binding | The protein |
| of a protein | unbinds from |
__________ | to another | the other |
| protein | protein |
Protein to protein interactions
Type of interaction | Action that | Action that
or change | activates | terminates
——————————————————————————-
| Intracellular | Intracellular |
| concentration | concentration |
__________ | of second | of second |
| messenger | messenger |
| increases | decreases |
Second messenger binding to a protein
Type of interaction | Action that | Action that
or change | activates | terminates
——————————————————————————-
|Kinase adding| Phosphatase |
__________ | phosphate | removing |
| | phosphate |
Phosphorylation
Type of interaction | Action that | Action that
or change | activates | terminates
——————————————————————————-
| Phosphatase | Kinase adding|
__________ | removing | phosphate |
| phosphate | |
Dephosphorylation
Intracellular Steroid Hormone Receptor
Action that activates the receptor:
Ligand binding to the receptor
Intracellular Steroid Hormone Receptor
Characteristics of ligand: polar / nonpolar
Nonpolar
Intracellular Steroid Hormone Receptor
Location of receptor:
Cytosol or nucleus
Intracellular Steroid Hormone Receptor
Cellular response:
Change in gene expression
Intracellular Steroid Hormone Receptor
Example:
Estrogen binding to the estrogen receptor