Cell Communation Flashcards

1
Q

Three examples of how cells might change their behavior after receiving a signal:
a.
b.
c.

A

Express certain genes, carry out chemical reactions, change shape

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2
Q

Types of molecules involved in cell communication:
a.
b.
c.

A

Signal molecule (ligand), Receptor protein, signal transduction proteins

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3
Q

If the same signal causes a different response in two different cells, what proteins might be different between the two cells?

A

Signal transduction proteins

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3
Q

Two features all receptors in cell communication have in common:
a.
b.

A

Bind specific ligands, change shape after binding to ligand (receptor activation)

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4
Q

Type of interaction | Action that | Action that
or change | activates | terminates
——————————————————————————-
| Ligand is |Ligand unbinds|
| present and | from the |
__________ | binds to the | receptor and |
| receptor | diffuses away |

A

Ligand to receptor interactions

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5
Q

Type of interaction | Action that | Action that
or change | activates | terminates
——————————————————————————-
| Exchange of | GTP hydrolysis|
__________ | bound GDP | to GDP |
| for GTP | |

A

G protein

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6
Q

Type of interaction | Action that | Action that
or change | activates | terminates
——————————————————————————-
| The binding | The protein |
| of a protein | unbinds from |
__________ | to another | the other |
| protein | protein |

A

Protein to protein interactions

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7
Q

Type of interaction | Action that | Action that
or change | activates | terminates
——————————————————————————-
| Intracellular | Intracellular |
| concentration | concentration |
__________ | of second | of second |
| messenger | messenger |
| increases | decreases |

A

Second messenger binding to a protein

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8
Q

Type of interaction | Action that | Action that
or change | activates | terminates
——————————————————————————-
|Kinase adding| Phosphatase |
__________ | phosphate | removing |
| | phosphate |

A

Phosphorylation

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9
Q

Type of interaction | Action that | Action that
or change | activates | terminates
——————————————————————————-
| Phosphatase | Kinase adding|
__________ | removing | phosphate |
| phosphate | |

A

Dephosphorylation

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10
Q

Intracellular Steroid Hormone Receptor
Action that activates the receptor:

A

Ligand binding to the receptor

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11
Q

Intracellular Steroid Hormone Receptor
Characteristics of ligand: polar / nonpolar

A

Nonpolar

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12
Q

Intracellular Steroid Hormone Receptor
Location of receptor:

A

Cytosol or nucleus

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13
Q

Intracellular Steroid Hormone Receptor
Cellular response:

A

Change in gene expression

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14
Q

Intracellular Steroid Hormone Receptor
Example:

A

Estrogen binding to the estrogen receptor

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15
Q

Ligand-Gated Ion Channels Action that activates the receptor:

A

Ligand binding to the receptor

16
Q

Ligand-Gated Ion Channels
Cellular response:

A

Passive transport of ions

17
Q

Ligand-Gated Ion Channels
Example:

A

Ion channel involved in muscle contraction

18
Q

G protein-coupled receptor
Action that activates the receptor:

A

Ligand binding to the receptor

19
Q

G protein-coupled receptor
Characteristics of ligand: polar / nonpolar

A

Polar

20
Q

G protein-coupled receptor
Location of receptor:

A

Cell surface

21
Q

G protein-coupled receptor
________________:
1. Receptor activates the exchange of GDP for GTP on the G protein
2. Active G protein binds to and activates adenylyl cyclase enzyme
3. Active adenylyl cyclase enzyme converts ATP to cAMP (second
messenger)
4. cAMP binds to and activates Protein Kinase A
5. Active protein kinase A phosphorylates target proteins

A

Signal transduction steps

22
Q
A